Abstract: Provided are a polymer, a resist composition including the same, and a method of forming a pattern using the resist composition, the polymer including one or more of a first repeating unit represented by Formula 1 and a second repeating unit represented by Formula 2, and free of a repeating unit of which a structure changes by an acid: In Formulae 1 and 2, R11 to R16, b12, X?, R21 to R24, b22, and Y are as described in the specification.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laminated film including a light transmitting substrate; a hard coating layer; and an optical enhancement layer disposed between the light transmitting substrate and the hard coating layer or at a position facing the hard coating layer with the light transmitting substrate therebetween, wherein the light transmitting substrate includes a polyimide, a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or a combination thereof, and the optical enhancement layer includes a copolymer comprising a polyimide, and a display device including the laminated film.

Abstract: Provided are a carboxylate salt represented by Formula 1, a photoresist composition including the carboxylate salt represented by Formula 1, and a method of forming a pattern by using the photoresist composition wherein, in Formula 1, A11, R11 to R15, b15, n11, n12, and M+ are described in the specification.

Abstract: Provided are a polymer including a repeating unit represented by Formula 1, a photoresist composition including the polymer, and a method of forming a pattern by using the photoresist composition: wherein the details of R11, L11, a11, A11?, and B11+in Formula 1 are provided in the present specification.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laminated film including a light transmitting substrate; a hard coating layer; and an optical enhancement layer disposed between the light transmitting substrate and the hard coating layer or at a position facing the hard coating layer with the light transmitting substrate therebetween, wherein the light transmitting substrate includes a polyimide, a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or a combination thereof, and the optical enhancement layer includes a copolymer comprising a polyimide, and a display device including the laminated film.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laminated film including a light transmitting substrate; a hard coating layer; and an optical enhancement layer disposed between the light transmitting substrate and the hard coating layer or at a position facing the hard coating layer with the light transmitting substrate therebetween, wherein the light transmitting substrate includes a polyimide, a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or a combination thereof, and the optical enhancement layer includes a copolymer comprising a polyimide, and a display device including the laminated film.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition comprising a silane compound having a fluorine-containing (poly)ether group represented by Formula 1, a film formed from the composition, a display device including the film, and an article including a coating product of the composition: Rf-(L1)p1(L)a-C(?O)NR-(L2)p2-Si(R1)(R2)(R3)?? Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, R is -(L3)p3-Si(R4)(R5)(R6), L is —CH2— or —CH2—O—CH2—, Rf is a fluorine-containing (poly)ether group, and L1 to L3, p1 to p3, and R1 to R6 are the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition comprising a silane compound having a fluorine-containing (poly)ether group represented by Formula 1, a film formed from the composition, a display device including the film, and an article including a coating product of the composition: Rf-(L1)p1(L)a-C(?O)NR-(L2)p2-Si(R1)(R2)(R3)?? Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, R is -(L3)p3-Si(R4)(R5)(R6), L is —CH2— or —CH2—O—CH2—, Rf is a fluorine-containing (poly)ether group, and L1 to L3, p1 to p3, and R1 to R6 are the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A laminated film including a first film; and a second film disposed on the first film, wherein a tensile modulus of the second film is greater than or equal to a tensile modulus of the first film, and a transmittance of the first film is greater than or equal to a transmittance of the second film, provided that at least one of the tensile modulus of the first film and the tensile modulus of the second film are not equal or the transmittance of the first film and the transmittance of the second film are not equal.

Abstract: A laminated film including a first film; and a second film disposed on the first film, wherein a tensile modulus of the second film is greater than or equal to a tensile modulus of the first film, and a transmittance of the first film is greater than or equal to a transmittance of the second film, provided that at least one of the tensile modulus of the first film and the tensile modulus of the second film are not equal or the transmittance of the first film and the transmittance of the second film are not equal.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 2, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 3, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 4: wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 4, L1, R1 to R3, R10, R12, R13, a, b, c, d, A, X, n7 and n8 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A polyimide film having tensile modulus of greater than or equal to about 5 gigapascals, and yellowness index of less than 2.5, when measured at a thickness of the film between 50 micrometers to 100 micrometers, wherein the polyimide film is a reaction product of a combination including an aromatic dianhydride and an aromatic diamine, wherein the aromatic dianhydride includes 4,4?-oxydiphthalic anhydride.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer film having a tensile modulus of greater than or equal to 5.4 GPa, and a yellowness index of less than or equal to 3.6, wherein the poly(amide-imide) copolymer film is a reaction product of an aromatic dianhydride including biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4,4?-hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic dianhydride, an aliphatic dianhydride including 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, an aromatic diamine including 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzidine, and an aromatic dicarbonyl compound including terephthaloyl dichloride.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 2, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 3, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 4, a composition for preparing the poly(amide-imide copolymer, and an article including the copolymer, e.g., a film are provided: wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 4, Ra, L1, L2, n1, A, R3, X, R10, R12, R13, n7 and n8 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer including a reaction product of at least one tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, at least one diamine, and at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative, wherein the at least one tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride includes a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 1, the at least one diamine includes a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 2, and the at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative includes a dicarboxylic acid derivative represented by Chemical Formula 3: wherein, R1 to R3, X1 and X2 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laminated film including a light transmitting substrate; a hard coating layer; and an optical enhancement layer disposed between the light transmitting substrate and the hard coating layer or at a position facing the hard coating layer with the light transmitting substrate therebetween, wherein the light transmitting substrate includes a polyimide, a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or a combination thereof, and the optical enhancement layer includes a copolymer comprising a polyimide, and a display device including the laminated film.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 2, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 3, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 4: wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 4, L1, R1 to R3, R10, R12 , R13, a, b, c, d, A, X, n7 and n8 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 2, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 3, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 4: wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 4, L1, R1 to R3, R10, R12, R13, a, b, c, d, A, X, n7 and n8 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A laminated film including a first film; and a second film disposed on the first film, wherein a tensile modulus of the second film is greater than or equal to a tensile modulus of the first film, and a transmittance of the first film is greater than or equal to a transmittance of the second film, provided that at least one of the tensile modulus of the first film and the tensile modulus of the second film are not equal or the transmittance of the first film and the transmittance of the second film are not equal.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 2, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 3, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 4: wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 4, L1, L2, Ra to Rd, R2, R3, R10, R12, R13, n7 and n8, and X are the same as defined in the specification.