Abstract: An apparatus for sensing voltage information of a fuel cell includes: a sensing unit configured to sense voltages of each cell and all cells included in a fuel cell; a controller configured to control the sensing unit to sense the voltages of each cell and all the cells of the fuel cell according to a command of an upper controller, or to transmit information of the sensed voltages of each cell and all the cells to the upper controller; and the upper controller configured to detect an error cell by calculating output power of the fuel cell based on the information of the voltages received from the controller, to substantially prevent damage to a surrounding cell by stopping an operation of the error cell, and to control the output power in real time in correspondence with a state of the fuel cell.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing voltage information of a fuel cell includes: a sensing unit configured to sense voltages of each cell and all cells included in a fuel cell; a controller configured to control the sensing unit to sense the voltages of each cell and all the cells of the fuel cell according to a command of an upper controller, or to transmit information of the sensed voltages of each cell and all the cells to the upper controller; and the upper controller configured to detect an error cell by calculating output power of the fuel cell based on the information of the voltages received from the controller, to substantially prevent damage to a surrounding cell by stopping an operation of the error cell, and to control the output power in real time in correspondence with a state of the fuel cell.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing voltage information of a fuel cell includes: a sensing unit configured to sense voltages of each cell and all cells included in a fuel cell; a controller configured to control the sensing unit to sense the voltages of each cell and all the cells of the fuel cell according to a command of an upper controller, or to transmit information of the sensed voltages of each cell and all the cells to the upper controller; and the upper controller configured to detect an error cell by calculating output power of the fuel cell based on the information of the voltages received from the controller, to substantially prevent damage to a surrounding cell by stopping an operation of the error cell, and to control the output power in real time in correspondence with a state of the fuel cell.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring average power of a fuel cell may include: a voltage measurement unit configured to sequentially measure forward voltages of unit cells including a fuel cell stack from a bottom cell to a top cell, and sequentially measure reverse voltages of the unit cells from the top cell to the bottom cell; a current measurement unit configured to measure a current of an output terminal of the fuel cell stack; and a control unit configured to control the voltage measurement unit to measure the reverse voltages based on a current measurement time point, after the voltage measurement unit measures the forward voltages, and calculate average power using the forward voltages, the reverse voltages and the measured current.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing voltage information of a fuel cell includes: a sensing unit configured to sense voltages of each cell and all cells included in a fuel cell; a controller configured to control the sensing unit to sense the voltages of each cell and all the cells of the fuel cell according to a command of an upper controller, or to transmit information of the sensed voltages of each cell and all the cells to the upper controller; and the upper controller configured to detect an error cell by calculating output power of the fuel cell based on the information of the voltages received from the controller, to substantially prevent damage to a surrounding cell by stopping an operation of the error cell, and to control the output power in real time in correspondence with a state of the fuel cell.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring average power of a fuel cell may include: a voltage measurement unit configured to sequentially measure forward voltages of unit cells including a fuel cell stack from a bottom cell to a top cell, and sequentially measure reverse voltages of the unit cells from the top cell to the bottom cell; a current measurement unit configured to measure a current of an output terminal of the fuel cell stack; and a control unit configured to control the voltage measurement unit to measure the reverse voltages based on a current measurement time point, after the voltage measurement unit measures the forward voltages, and calculate average power using the forward voltages, the reverse voltages and the measured current.

Abstract: Disclosed are a water storage tank and a method for controlling the full water level thereof. The water storage tank according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a tank main body for storing water which flows in through a water inlet and discharging water through an outlet; and a control unit for controlling inflow and outflow of water into and from the tank main body, wherein the control unit can change the height of the full water level of the tank main body according to a user's selection or the degree of water discharge from the tank main body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous nano structure and a method of manufacturing same. The porous nano structure exhibits excellent mechanical strength and has a wide specific surface area and is therefore useful as an absorbent, a vibration absorber, a sound absorber, a shock absorber, a catalyst support, a membrane for separation, etc., and can be applied to various technical fields such as electronics, composite materials, sensors, catalysts, energy storage materials, and ultra-high capacity storage batteries. In particular, the porous nano structure exhibits excellent hydrogen storage capability and is thus very useful as a hydrogen storage material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a water storage tank and a method for controlling the full water level thereof. The water storage tank according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a tank main body for storing water which flows in through a water inlet and discharging water through an outlet; and a control unit for controlling inflow and outflow of water into and from the tank main body, wherein the control unit can change the height of the full water level of the tank main body according to a user's selection or the degree of water discharge from the tank main body.

Abstract: A novel contrast mechanism for diagnosing diseased tissue using Ultrasound, Doppler Ultrasonography, Optical Coherence Tomography, or optical Doppler tomography coupled with an externally applied temporally oscillating high-strength magnetic field.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein is a system for optical coherence tomographic imaging of turbid (i.e., scattering) materials utilizing multiple channels of information. The multiple channels of information may encompass spatial, angle, spectral and polarization domains. More specifically, the embodiments disclosed herein is related to methods and apparatus for utilizing optical sources, systems or receivers capable of providing (source), processing (system) or recording (receiver) a multiplicity of channels of spectral information for optical coherence tomographic imaging of turbid materials. In these methods and apparatus the multiplicity of channels of spectral information that can be provided by the source, processed by the system, or recorded by the receiver are used to convey simultaneously spatial, spectral or polarimetric information relating to the turbid material being imaged tomographically.

Abstract: A novel contrast mechanism for diagnosing diseased tissue using Ultrasound, Doppler Ultrasonography, Optical Coherence Tomography, or optical Doppler tomography coupled with an externally applied temporally oscillating high-strength magnetic field.

Abstract: A method and apparatus using an on-screen keyboard as an input unit. A method of using an on-screen keyboard as an input unit comprises receiving information on a first key that is selected through the input unit that has fewer input keys than the on-screen keyboard, highlighting a predetermined key in a predetermined group of keys including a number key on the on-screen keyboard that corresponds to the first key, and moving a highlighted portion on the on-screen keyboard when a second key is selected through the input unit.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device and a fabricating method thereof. The semiconductor device includes a storage electrode having a cylinder shape, a dielectric film formed on the storage electrode, and a plate electrode formed on the dielectric film, wherein the plate electrode includes a first semiconductor compound layer and a second semiconductor compound layer sequentially stacked one on the other, and the first semiconductor compound layer has a crystallinity different from that of the second semiconductor compound layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotating catheter tip for optical coherence tomography based on the use of an optical fiber that does not rotate, that is enclosed in a catheter, which has a tip rotates under the influence of a fluid drive system to redirect light from the fiber to a surrounding vessel and the light reflected or backscattered from the vessel back to the optical fiber.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device and a fabricating method thereof. The semiconductor device includes a storage electrode having a cylinder shape, a dielectric film formed on the storage electrode, and a plate electrode formed on the dielectric film, wherein the plate electrode includes a first semiconductor compound layer and a second semiconductor compound layer sequentially stacked one on the other, and the first semiconductor compound layer has a crystallinity different from that of the second semiconductor compound layer.

Abstract: A catheter imaging probe for a patient. The probe includes a conduit through with energy is transmitted. The probe includes a first portion through which the conduit extends. The probe includes a second portion which rotates relative to the conduit to redirect the energy from the conduit. A method for imaging a patient. The method includes the steps of inserting a catheter into the patient. There is the step of rotating a second portion of the catheter relative to a conduit extending through a first portion of the catheter, which redirects the energy transmitted through the conduit to the patient and receives the energy reflected back to the second portion from the patient and redirects the reflected energy to the conduit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotating catheter tip for optical coherence tomography based on the use of an optical fiber that does not rotate, that is enclosed in a catheter, which has a tip rotates under the influence of a fluid drive system to redirect light from the fiber to a surrounding vessel and the light reflected or backscattered from the vessel back to the optical fiber.

Abstract: A computer system, including a data storage unit which stores first operating system data of the computer system therein; a main memory to which the first operating system data is copied; a data transmission unit which transmits data between the data storage unit and the main memory; and a controller which performs a power-on self test (POST) of the computer system, and controls the data transmission unit to copy the first operating system data stored in the data storage unit to the main memory during the POST.

Abstract: A capacitor of a memory device includes dielectric layers with different energy band gaps. The capacitor may include, for example, a first electrode and a first dielectric layer on the first electrode. The capacitor may further include a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer. The first and second dielectric layers may include the same dielectric material with different concentration of an impurity therein. A second electrode is disposed on the second dielectric layer.