Abstract: A semiconductor device for monitoring a reverse voltage is provided. The semiconductor device includes an intellectual property having an input node and an output node; a passive component connected between the output node and a potential; a monitoring circuit connected to the input node and the output node and powered by a driving power, the monitoring circuit monitoring a difference between an input level at the input node and an output level at the output node to detect a reverse voltage across the intellectual property. The driving power is provided by the output node.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for monitoring a reverse voltage is provided. The semiconductor device includes an intellectual property having an input node and an output node; a passive component connected between the output node and a potential; a monitoring circuit connected to the input node and the output node and powered by a driving power, the monitoring circuit monitoring a difference between an input level at the input node and an output level at the output node to detect a reverse voltage across the intellectual property. The driving power is provided by the output node.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for monitoring a reverse voltage is provided. The semiconductor device includes an intellectual property having an input node and an output node; a passive component connected between the output node and a potential; a monitoring circuit connected to the input node and the output node and powered by a driving power, the monitoring circuit monitoring a difference between an input level at the input node and an output level at the output node to detect a reverse voltage across the intellectual property. The driving power is provided by the output node.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip includes a semiconductor circuit layer and a semiconductor thermoelectric layer disposed on a substrate. The circuit layer includes a first circuit and a second circuit disposed horizontally in a first direction. The thermoelectric layer includes a first on-die thermoelectric element, where the thermoelectric layer is disposed on the circuit layer including the first circuit and the second circuit. The first on-die thermoelectric element is configured to distribute heat generated at the first circuit horizontally in the first direction toward the second circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for monitoring a reverse voltage is provided. The semiconductor device includes an intellectual property having an input node and an output node; a passive component connected between the output node and a potential; a monitoring circuit connected to the input node and the output node and powered by a driving power, the monitoring circuit monitoring a difference between an input level at the input node and an output level at the output node to detect a reverse voltage across the intellectual property. The driving power is provided by the output node.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element is provided as follows. First and second semiconductor fin structures are disposed on a semiconductor substrate. Each semiconductor fin structure extends in a first direction, protruding from the semiconductor substrate. First and second semiconductor nanowires are disposed on the first and second semiconductor fin structures, respectively. The first semiconductor nanowires include first impurities. The second semiconductor nanowires include second impurities different from the first impurities. A first electrode is connected to first ends of the first and second semiconductor nanowires. A second electrode is connected to second ends of the first semiconductor nanowires. A third electrode is connected to second ends of the second semiconductor nanowires.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element is provided as follows. First and second semiconductor fin structures are disposed on a semiconductor substrate. Each semiconductor fin structure extends in a first direction, protruding from the semiconductor substrate. First and second semiconductor nanowires are disposed on the first and second semiconductor fin structures, respectively. The first semiconductor nanowires include first impurities. The second semiconductor nanowires include second impurities different from the first impurities. A first electrode is connected to first ends of the first and second semiconductor nanowires. A second electrode is connected to second ends of the first semiconductor nanowires. A third electrode is connected to second ends of the second semiconductor nanowires.

Abstract: An apparatus for distinguishing an energy band of a photon in a readout circuit that counts photons in multi-energy radiation incident onto a sensor for each energy band includes an integrator configured to accumulate an electric signal received from the sensor that has undergone photoelectric conversion from the photon; a comparator configured to compare an accumulated electric signal received from the integrator with one of a plurality of threshold values; and a signal processor configured to instruct sequential switching from one of the plurality of threshold values to another one of the plurality of threshold values according to a result of a comparison received from the comparator; and output a digital signal that distinguishes an energy band of the photon based on results received from the comparator of sequential comparisons of the accumulated electric signal with the plurality of threshold values.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, an image sensor includes a charge sensing amplifier configured to amplify charges sensed by a sensing unit. The charge sensing amplifier includes an input terminal, an amplification terminal, an output terminal, a first capacitor connected between the input terminal and the amplification terminal, a first switch connected between the input terminal and the amplification terminal, a second capacitor connected between the amplification terminal and the output terminal, and a second switch connected between the output terminal and a reference voltage terminal.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip includes a semiconductor circuit layer and a semiconductor thermoelectric layer disposed on a substrate. The circuit layer includes a first circuit and a second circuit disposed horizontally in a first direction. The thermoelectric layer includes a first on-die thermoelectric element, where the thermoelectric layer is disposed on the circuit layer including the first circuit and the second circuit. The first on-die thermoelectric element is configured to distribute heat generated at the first circuit horizontally in the first direction toward the second circuit.

Abstract: A switching circuit, a charge sense amplifier, and a photon counting device are provided. The switching circuit configured to close and open a connection between a first terminal and a second terminal of a predetermined circuit element, includes: a first transistor comprising a source connected to the first terminal, a drain connected to the second terminal, and a gate; a second transistor comprising a drain, a source, and a gate connected to the drain of the second transistor; a current source configured to supply a current flowing through the drain and the source of the second transistor, to generate a gate voltage of the gate of the second transistor; and a multiplexer configured to receive the gate voltage, a reference voltage, and a control signal, and selectively apply the gate voltage or the reference voltage to the gate of the first transistor based on the control signal.

Abstract: A method and a circuit for synchronizing input and output synchronizing signals are disclosed. The method for synchronizing input and output synchronizing signals includes detecting an Nth (N is a positive integer) input period of the input synchronizing signal, determining whether the detected Nth input period is the same with a prior (N?1) the output period of the output synchronizing signal, detecting a difference between an end time of the (N?1)the output period and an end time of the Nth input period, if the detected Nth input period is not the same with the (N?1)the output period, operating the detected difference with the Nth input period, and setting the operated value as an Nth output period, and generating and outputting the output synchronizing signal having the set Nth output period.

Abstract: Disclosed is checking a drive state of a backlight lamp of a liquid crystal display device and notifying to an external entity whether it is normally driven in which level or is difficult to be normally driven.

Abstract: A switching circuit, a charge sense amplifier, and a photon counting device are provided. The switching circuit configured to close and open a connection between a first terminal and a second terminal of a predetermined circuit element, includes: a first transistor comprising a source connected to the first terminal, a drain connected to the second terminal, and a gate; a second transistor comprising a drain, a source, and a gate connected to the drain of the second transistor; a current source configured to supply a current flowing through the drain and the source of the second transistor, to generate a gate voltage of the gate of the second transistor; and a multiplexer configured to receive the gate voltage, a reference voltage, and a control signal, and selectively apply the gate voltage or the reference voltage to the gate of the first transistor based on the control signal.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, an image sensor includes a charge sensing amplifier configured to amplify charges sensed by a sensing unit. The charge sensing amplifier includes an input terminal, an amplification terminal, an output terminal, a first capacitor connected between the input terminal and the amplification terminal, a first switch connected between the input terminal and the amplification terminal, a second capacitor connected between the amplification terminal and the output terminal, and a second switch connected between the output terminal and a reference voltage terminal.

Abstract: An apparatus for distinguishing an energy band of a photon in a readout circuit that counts photons in multi-energy radiation incident onto a sensor for each energy band includes an integrator configured to accumulate an electric signal received from the sensor that has undergone photoelectric conversion from the photon; a comparator configured to compare an accumulated electric signal received from the integrator with one of a plurality of threshold values; and a signal processor configured to instruct sequential switching from one of the plurality of threshold values to another one of the plurality of threshold values according to a result of a comparison received from the comparator; and output a digital signal that distinguishes an energy band of the photon based on results received from the comparator of sequential comparisons of the accumulated electric signal with the plurality of threshold values.

Abstract: A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device includes: at least one light source; and an inverter circuit part including a dimming test portion generating a dimming signal and turning ON/OFF the at least one light source using the dimming signal.

Abstract: A method and a circuit for synchronizing input and output synchronizing signals are disclosed. The method for synchronizing input and output synchronizing signals includes detecting an Nth (N is a positive integer) input period of the input synchronizing signal, determining whether the detected Nth input period is the same with a prior (N?1)th output period of the output synchronizing signal, detecting a difference between an end time of the (N?1)th output period and an end time of the Nth input period, if the detected Nth input period is not the same with the (N?1)th output period, operating the detected difference with the Nth input period, and setting the operated value as an Nth output period, and generating and outputting the output synchronizing signal having the set Nth output period.

Abstract: A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device includes: at least one light source; and an inverter circuit part including a dimming test portion generating a dimming signal and turning ON/OFF the at least one light source using the dimming signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is checking a drive state of a backlight lamp of a liquid crystal display device and notifying to an external entity whether it is normally driven in which level or is difficult to be normally driven.