Abstract: A multilayer circuit board for high-frequency signals includes: a multilayer wiring board unit including, at least one wiring layer, one or more ground layers configured by a conductive material, insulating layers between the layers, and a first external electrode electrically connected to a transmission line on an episurface; and a connector unit including a second external electrode electrically connected to the first external electrode, and a fitting portion for holding on the multilayer wiring board unit an external circuit board or an external connector. The distance d between the first external electrode (7) and the ground layer perpendicularly below and most closely disposed to the first external electrode is determined within the range dl?d?du with respect to the values dl and du defined based on tolerance of the impedance ?Z.

Abstract: A multilayer circuit board for high-frequency signals includes: a multilayer wiring board unit including, at least one wiring layer, one or more ground layers configured by a conductive material, insulating layers between the layers, and a first external electrode electrically connected to a transmission line on an episurface; and a connector unit including a second external electrode electrically connected to the first external electrode, and a fitting portion for holding on the multilayer wiring board unit an external circuit board or an external connector. The distance d between the first external electrode (7) and the ground layer perpendicularly below and most closely disposed to the first external electrode is determined within the range dl≦d≦du with respect to the values dl and du defined based on tolerance of the impedance &Dgr;Z.

Abstract: An optical receiver includes a soft-decision deciding means (7) for deciding an electric received signal according to a plurality of decision levels so as to output a multivalued decision signal, a demultiplexing means (5) for serial-to-parallel converting the multivalued decision signal so as to output a multivalued parallel signal, a soft-decision error correction decoding means (8) for making an error correction to the multivalued parallel signal based on reliability information so as to output an error-corrected parallel received signal and decision results indicating the decision of the electric received signal according to the plurality of decision levels, a probability density distribution estimation means (9) for estimating probability density distributions based on distributions of the decision results indicating the decision of the electric received signal according to the plurality of decision levels, and a decision level control means (10) for controlling the plurality of decision levels in the so

Abstract: There is provided an agent for suppressing or inhibiting growth of bacteria based on a novel combination. An agent for suppressing or inhibiting growth of bacteria which contains 1,5-D-anhydrofructose and a chelating agent and/or an antioxidant.

Abstract: There is provided a novel carbohydrate: having neither a carbon-carbon double bond nor a carbonyl group and represented by a molecular formula C6H10O5; showing a retention time of 11.0±0.2 minutes when maltose and fructose as reference materials show retention times of 8.8 minutes and 12.5 minutes, respectively, the retention times being measured by high performance liquid chromatography using a column having, as a filler, a strongly acidic ion exchange resin which is a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with a degree of crosslinkage of 8% and has a sulfonic group bonded to sodium as an ion exchange group, at a column temperature of 40° C. and a flow rate of water as an eluent of 1 ml/min, and; showing intramolecular carbon chemical shift values obtained by carbon nuclear magnetic resonance of 70.54±1 ppm, 95.37±1 ppm, 75.09±1 ppm, 68.86±1 ppm, 77.99±1 ppm and 64.15±1 ppm. This novel carbohydrate is useful as an antioxidant.

Abstract: A flaw detection system that can detect not only bubbles, stones and knots but also flaws, such as cords and reams, that are subject to less optical changes in transmitted light is provided. A glass plate travelling in a manufacturing line is scanned with a beam spot in the direction orthogonally intersecting the manufacturing line. The light transmitted through the glass plate is received by an optical-fiber array arranged in a direction orthogonally intersecting the line. Optical fibers in the optical-fiber array are connected cyclically to a plurality of photomultipliers, which convert the light received by the optical fibers into electrical signals. Flaw signals are produced by extracting flaw information signals from these electrical signals in an analog processing section, and masking them in a masking section. Positional information indicating flaw patterns and positions is produced from these flaw signals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for distillation of styrenes which can be stably operated without loss of energy saving effect, by leading a part or all of low boiling point component vapor from the top to a compressor to use as a heat source for a reboiler and returning the low boiling point components condensed in the reboiler or a mixture of the condensate and a part of the uncondensed vapor to a recycling line of a distillation column.