Abstract: A longitudinal recording medium and a magnetic recording apparatus containing the same, comprising a substrate and a longitudinal magnetization film formed on the substrate containing grains of a Co-based alloy, and exhibiting an oxygen concentration distribution having two peaks as follows: a peak of higher oxygen concentration pertaining to grain boundaries of the longitudinal magnetization film, and a peak of lower oxygen concentration pertaining to grain interiors of the longitudinal magnetization film.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive head including a first magnetoresistive element, a second magnetoresistive element, and an antiferromagnetic layer interposed between the first and second magnetoresistive elements. The antiferromagnetic layer may be replaced by two antiferromagnetic sub layers which are formed on the outer sides of the first and second magnetoresistive elements, respectively.

Abstract: A magnetic disk drive system for writing data into a disk-shaped magnetic medium and reading data stored therein, comprises a first terminal, a second terminal, and at least one third terminal, a composite head unit including an inductive write head and at least one magnetoresistive read head which are connected in series between the first and second terminals, and at least one common connection node connected to the at least one third terminal, and a driving circuit connected to the first through third terminals.

Abstract: A skin external agent characterized in that an extract of a plant of genus Euonymus such as Euonymus alata Sieb., Euonymus japonica Thunb. or Euonymus radicons Sieb. is contained as an essential ingredient in a base in combination with other ingredients to be added to this kind of the skin external agent as required. The skin external agent of this invention is free from any strong side effects on the human body, has excellent activity to improve the performance of a skin through the activation of the skin and hair-root cells, an effect to grow hair, and excellent moisture retention and an excellent effect to beautify the skin.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive head includes an antiferromagnetic portion interposed between first and second spin-valve units. Sense current supply directions through the first and second spin-valve units are perpendicular to a head facing surface of a magnetic recording medium. The first spin-valve unit is formed of a first inner magnetic film, a first outer magnetic film and a nonmagnetic film interposed between and in direct physical contact with the first inner magnetic film and the first outer magnetic film. The second spin-valve unit is formed of a second inner magnetic film, a second outer magnetic film and a nonmagnetic film interposed between and in direct physical contact with the second inner magnetic film and the second outer magnetic film. The antiferromagnetic portion is formed of a first antiferromagnetic sublayer and a second antiferromagnetic sublayer laminated on the first antiferromagnetic sublayer.

Abstract: A member having a first and a second magnetic layer are magnetostatically coupled and laminated and the first magnetic layer formed on a magneto-resistive element, for creating the exchange coupling on the magneto-resistive element and the first magnetic layer. The member is formed by sequentially laminating a first ferromagnetic layer magnetized in a sense along the direction of the longitudinal bias of the magneto-resistive element, non-magnetic layer and second ferromagnetic layer magnetized in a direction opposite to the magnetized direction of the first ferromagnetic layer, for example.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance sensor of this invention is designed to detect a magnetic field on the basis of a change in electric resistance of a magnetoresistance layer, and includes a substrate, the magnetoresistance layer, a magnetization stabilizing layer for stabilizing magnetization of the magnetoresistance layer, and an electrical conductive layer formed on the magnetoresistance layer or the magnetization stabilizing layer. The sensor is characterized in that the magnetoresistance layer and the magnetization stabilizing layer are stacked on each other such that the layers are magnetically coupled to each other at their two end regions with an exchange coupling force higher than that at the remaining region. With this arrangement, there is provided a magnetoresistance sensor having high sensitivity, which can apply a desired bias magnetic field to the MR layer while preventing the bias magnetic field from being disturbed by a magnetic field from a magnetic recording medium or the like.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect element includes a multilayer obtained by stacking magnetic and nonmagnetic layers to exhibit a magnetoresistance effect, and an reversal assist layer formed on the multilayer to assist reversal of a magnetic moment of the magnetic layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for reproducing a signal recorded, in the form of a perpendicular signal magnetization, on a perpendicular magnetic recording layer backed with a high permeability layer of a magnetic recording medium. A thin-film magnetic material is disposed to face the recording layer so that an enlarged magnetized region is formed in the high permeability layer, which includes the position at which the magnetic material faces the recording layer. In this region, magnetic variation occurs in response to the signal magnetization of the recording layer at the position the magnetic material faces the recording layer. A detecting member such as a coil is disposed in the proximity of the magnetic material so as to be magnetically coupled to the enlarged magnetized region of the high permeability layer. The detecting member is used as a tuning element of a tuning circuit supplied with high frequency energy.

Abstract: A capacitance element includes as an interelectrode substance a magnetic body for detecting a magnetic field formed by a magnetic recording medium. A tuned circuit includes the capacitance element as a tuning element and receives a signal from a high-frequency oscillator. The magnetic characteristics of the magnetic body change with changes in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic recording medium. The high-frequency signal output from the tuned circuit changes with changes in the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic body. A detecting circuit detects the changes in the high-frequency signal output so as to reproduce signals recorded on the magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: An isotachophoretic apparatus which is equipped with means for discriminating whether each of the zones of a sample having been separated by electrophoresis is a completely separate one having already been separated into a single component or an incompletely separate one. The discriminating means is constructed of means for detecting zones at different instants, e.g., two usual detectors, means for detecting the length of the zones, e.g., a time counter and means for comparing the lengths of the two corresponding zones and judging the completion of separation, e.g., a microcomputer.

Abstract: A detector for use in chromatographs which comprises a capillary passage through which a liquid is to be passed, a first pair of electrodes spaced a distance apart from each other axially of said passage and arranged in an electrically conductive relation to said liquid for causing electric current to flow therethrough, a second pair of electrodes spaced a distance apart from each other axially of said passage between said first pair of electrodes and arranged in electrical contact with said liquid in said passage, and means connected to said second pair of electrodes for measuring changes in the potential difference therebetween.

Abstract: Apparatus for electrophoretic analysis of ions or like electrically charged particles, wherein the potential gradients of the different kinds of ions contained in a liquid column formed in an electrophoretic capillary tube are detected and the ratio between potential gradient of a selected one of said different kinds of ions and that of each of the other kinds of ions is calculated to obtain a value relating to the mobility of each of said different kinds of ions.

Abstract: An electrophoretic measurement system for isotachophoresis includes a potential gradient detector, an impedance converter, a voltage to frequency converter, a signal transmission system composed of, for example, electromagnetic wave transmitter means and its receiver spaced therefrom, frequency to voltage converter means, in series connection. This arrangement facilitates insulation of the sensing electrodes of the detector from the ground and prevents a formation of bubbles and deposits on the electrodes, so that the electrophoresis processes are performed under stable condition and high resolution and high sensitivity are obtained. Besides a higher migration current can be used to shorten analysis time.