Abstract: One aspect is an image forming apparatus including a motor that drives a first member, a second member, a movement member that moves between a first position where the first and second members contact and a second position where the first and second members are separated, and a controller that receives an instruction to start a print job for forming an image on a recording medium, and executes an initial operation for determining a phase of a rotor of the motor in a stopping state of the rotor based on current flowing through a coil of the motor by supplying current to the coil in the stopping state in a state where the movement member is located at the first position, to control the current supplied to the coil to rotate the rotor in the stopping state based on the phase determined in the initial operation.

Abstract: A system for producing a product is disclosed. The system includes a production facility for producing a product using a chemical process involving chemical reactions, and an information processing device comprising a computer processor that simulates, using a hybrid model, the chemical reactions in the chemical process that produces the product to obtain a predicted output, wherein the hybrid model is a combination of a first-principles model and a data-driven model, determines, using an observer model, expected concentrations and levels of all substrates for the simulated process, sets derived optimal conditions for the chemical process based on the estimated concentrations and levels of all substrates, and predicts future production results based on a current status of the production facility.

Abstract: One aspect is an image forming apparatus including a motor that drives a first member, a second member, a movement member that moves between a first position where the first and second members contact and a second position where the first and second members are separated, and a controller that receives an instruction to start a print job for forming an image on a recording medium, and executes an initial operation for determining a phase of a rotor of the motor in a stopping state of the rotor based on current flowing through a coil of the motor by supplying current to the coil in the stopping state in a state where the movement member is located at the first position, to control the current supplied to the coil to rotate the rotor in the stopping state based on the phase determined in the initial operation.

Abstract: A method for producing chlorinated polyvinyl chloride includes bringing chlorine gas into contact with a mixture comprising a polyvinyl chloride powder and at least one inorganic filler; and irradiating the mixture with UV light to perform a chlorination reaction. At least one inorganic filler is selected from the group consisting of silica, carbon black, and talc.

Abstract: A binding processing device includes a first pressing member including: a first convex portion; a first concave portion; and a first connection portion which is provided between the first convex portion and the first concave portion; and a second pressing member including: a second convex portion; a second concave portion; and a second connection portion which is provided between the second convex portion and the second concave portion. In a state in which the first convex portion of the first pressing member and the second concave portion of the second pressing member come in contact with each other at the first connection portion and the second connection portion, the first connection portion contacts with the second connection portion and a gap is formed between the first convex portion and the second concave portion along a pressing direction of the first and second pressing members.

Abstract: There is provided a binding member. An upper toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in a bundle of recording materials. A lower toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in the bundle of recording materials and forming a pair with the upper toothed part. In at least one of the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part, in a cross section shape of the toothed part, the recesses of the toothed part have depressed areas depressed from virtual lines which are extensions of inclined surfaces of the toothed part.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit to form an image on a sheet, first and second rollers, a motor, a phase determiner, a controller, a current detector, and a discriminator. The motor drives the first roller which conveys the sheet. The second roller is downstream from the first roller. The phase determiner determines a rotation phase of a rotor of the motor. The controller controls a drive current flowing through a motor winding to reduce a deviation between a command phase representing a rotor target phase and the determined rotation phase. The current detector detects the drive current flowing through the winding. The discriminator determines a type of the sheet conveyed by the first roller based on a value of the drive current detected in a state in which the sheet is deflected while being conveyed by the first roller and not conveyed by the second roller.

Abstract: There is provided a binding member. The binding member includes: an upper toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in a bundle of recording materials; and a lower toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in the bundle of recording materials and forming a pair with the upper toothed part. In at least one of the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part, in side surfaces of the recesses of one toothed part, when the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part are engaged, surfaces wide in a direction parallel to the pressing direction of the toothed parts are formed so as to be provided gaps between the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part.

Abstract: In a cross section shape of the toothed part, in gaps formed between a recesses and a projections when a upper toothed part and a lower toothed part are engaged without a bundle of recording materials, when the distances between the recesses and the projections in a pressing direction of the toothed part at positions where the distances from a center lines of the projections in a direction perpendicular to the pressing direction of the toothed part to the surfaces of the projections in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction of the toothed part are a distance L1 are H1, and the distances between the recesses and the projections at positions where the distances from the center lines to surfaces of the projections in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction of the toothed part are H2, a combination of L1 and L2 satisfies H1 is smaller than H2.

Abstract: There is provided a binding member. The binding member includes an upper toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in a bundle of recording materials; and a lower toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in the bundle of recording materials and forming a pair with the upper toothed part. In at least one of the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part, in some of parts of inclined surfaces of the toothed part which form the recesses, second curved surfaces having the centers of curvature on the opposite sides of the inclined surfaces to the centers of curvature of first curved surfaces which form the recesses are formed.

Abstract: A binding member is provided and includes: upper teeth having a tooth form configured to form a convex-concave portion on a recording material bundle; and lower teeth having a tooth form configured to form the convex-concave portion on the recording material bundle, and paired with the upper teeth. At least one of the upper teeth and the lower teeth includes: a first tooth row having a first tooth form having a first shape suitable for binding a first binding number of sheets; and a second tooth row having a second tooth form having a second shape suitable for binding a second binding number of sheets which is smaller than the first binding number of sheets.

Abstract: A terminal device including a detection unit that detects a sound, and an output unit that outputs information regarding a detection method of detecting the sound by the detection unit.

Abstract: A binding processing apparatus includes a pair of pressing members each including a concave-convex portion configured to form a concave part and a convex part in a recording material bundle. The concave-convex portion includes protrusion portions. Aside surface of each protrusion portion is inclined so that the protrusion portion is widened from an apex of the protrusion portion. The side surfaces of the protrusion portions of a first pressing member that is one of the pressing members and the side surfaces of the protrusion portions of a second pressing member that is the other of the pressing members intersect with each other during pressing when viewed in a column direction of the protrusion portions.

Abstract: A recording-medium binding device includes first and second tooth groups. The first tooth group includes first and second tooth rows. The second tooth group includes third and fourth tooth rows. The third tooth row to be engaged with the first tooth row forms, together with the first tooth row, a first tooth row pair. The fourth tooth row to be engaged with the second tooth row forms, together with the second tooth row, a second tooth row pair. A second engaging height in the second tooth row pair is smaller than a first engaging height in the first tooth row pair. A second effective tooth top width in the second tooth row pair is larger than a first effective tooth top width in the first tooth row pair.

Abstract: There is provided a binding member. The binding member includes an upper toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in a bundle of recording materials; and a lower toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in the bundle of recording materials and forming a pair with the upper toothed part. In at least one of the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part, in some of parts of inclined surfaces of the toothed part which form the recesses, second curved surfaces having the centers of curvature on the opposite sides of the inclined surfaces to the centers of curvature of first curved surfaces which form the recesses are formed.

Abstract: There is provided a binding member. An upper toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in a bundle of recording materials. A lower toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in the bundle of recording materials and forming a pair with the upper toothed part. In at least one of the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part, in a cross section shape of the toothed part, the recesses of the toothed part have depressed areas depressed from virtual lines which are extensions of inclined surfaces of the toothed part.

Abstract: In a cross section shape of the toothed part, in gaps formed between a recesses and a projections when a upper toothed part and a lower toothed part are engaged without a bundle of recording materials, when the distances between the recesses and the projections in a pressing direction of the toothed part at positions where the distances from a center lines of the projections in a direction perpendicular to the pressing direction of the toothed part to the surfaces of the projections in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction of the toothed part are a distance L1 are H1, and the distances between the recesses and the projections at positions where the distances from the center lines to surfaces of the projections in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction of the toothed part are H2, a combination of L1 and L2 satisfies H1 is smaller than H2.

Abstract: There is provided a binding member. The binding member includes: an upper toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in a bundle of recording materials; and a lower toothed part having projections and recesses for forming irregularities in the bundle of recording materials and forming a pair with the upper toothed part. In at least one of the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part, in side surfaces of the recesses of one toothed part, when the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part are engaged, surfaces wide in a direction parallel to the pressing direction of the toothed parts are formed so as to be provided gaps between the upper toothed part and the lower toothed part.

Abstract: A method for producing chlorinated polyvinyl chloride includes bringing chlorine gas into contact with a mixture comprising a polyvinyl chloride powder and at least one inorganic filler; and irradiating the mixture with UV light to perform a chlorination reaction. At least one inorganic filler is selected from the group consisting of silica, carbon black, and talc.

Abstract: A binding device includes a first pushing member that includes protrusions along one direction and that pushes a recording-material bundle as a result of pushing the protrusions against one of surfaces of the recording-material bundle, the protrusions disposed side by side in a direction that intersects the one direction; and a second pushing member that includes protrusions along the one direction and that pushes the recording-material bundle as a result of pushing the protrusions against the other surface of the recording-material bundle, the protrusions disposed side by side in the direction that intersects the one direction, wherein, in at least one end portion in the one direction of each protrusion of at least one of the first pushing member and the second pushing member, a hollow is disposed in a top portion of each protrusion.