Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a polyamideimide resin for an optical member having both high flexibility and bending resistance, and in particular, a polyamideimide resin for a front plate of an image display apparatus, and an optical member such as a front plate containing the polyamideimide resin.

Abstract: A film having excellent optical homogeneity, which is suitably used as an optical film in an image display device, and a method for manufacturing the same. Moreover, an evaluation method which can evaluate the optical homogeneity of the film with a higher precision than in conventional evaluation methods is provided. A film that is a cast film containing a resin having a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 or more, wherein, when line profiles in a direction h and a direction v which are orthogonal to each other in a film inverse space image obtained by Fourier transforming a projection image obtained by a projection method using the cast film are a line profile h and a line profile v.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a polyamideimide resin for an optical member having both high flexibility and bending resistance, and in particular, a polyamideimide resin for a front plate of an image display apparatus, and an optical member such as a front plate containing the polyamideimide resin.

Abstract: A resin film 10 comprising a polyimide-based polymer is disclosed. The resin film 10 has a tensile elastic modulus of 4.0 GPa or more. In a bending test where the resin film 10 is repeatedly folded into a U-shape until the distance between the resin film faces opposed to each other reaches 3 mm, and unfolded, the number of times of folding the resin film 10 until the resin film 10 fractures is more than 100000.

Abstract: A resin film 10 comprising a polyimide-based polymer is disclosed. The resin film 10 has a tensile elastic modulus of 4.0 GPa or more. In a bending test where the resin film 10 is repeatedly folded into a U-shape until the distance between the resin film faces opposed to each other reaches 3 mm, and unfolded, the number of times of folding the resin film 10 until the resin film 10 fractures is more than 100000.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laminated film including a resin film containing a polyimide-based polymer; and a functional layer provided on at least one principal face side of the resin film. Also disclosed is a resin film containing a polyimide-based polymer and a silicon material containing silicon atoms, in which Si/N that is the atomic ratio between silicon atoms and nitrogen atoms is 8 or greater in at least one principal face.

Abstract: Provided is an optical film capable of reducing yellow index, in which the sum of the numbers of concavities each satisfying the following conditions (1) and (2) is 4 or less per 10000 ?m2 of each of one surface of the film and the other surface of the film: (1) The depth of the concavity is 200 nm or more, and (2) The diameter of the part present at the depth of 200 nm or more of the concavity is 0.7 ?m or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte membrane with excellent proton conductivity in its thickness direction. Preferably, the polymer electrolyte membrane contains a polymer compound comprising an ionic segment having an ionic functional group and a nonionic segment having substantially no ionic functional group, and the phase containing ionic segments as a main component and the phase containing nonionic segments as a main component are phase-separated, and in the surface region thereof, the change in the amount of the ionic segment from the surface toward the interior substantially decreases monotonically.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte membrane with excellent proton conductivity in its thickness direction. Preferably, the polymer electrolyte membrane containing a polymer compound comprising an ionic segment having an ionic functional group and a nonionic segment having substantially no ionic functional group, and the phase containing ionic segments as a main component and the phase containing nonionic segments as a main component are phase-separated, and in the surface region thereof, the change in the amount of the ionic segment from the surface toward the interior substantially decreases monotonically.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a copper-clad laminate, the method comprising the step of placing at least one copper foil onto a resin layer containing a liquid crystalline polymer so that the resin layer adheres to a surface of the copper foil, wherein the surface of the copper foil has 0.4 or more of a ratio of nickel concentration to copper concentration and has substantially no silicon detected when measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The copper-clad laminate can sufficiently maintain excellent adhesion between the copper foil and the resin layer even under high temperature and humidity atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte membrane with excellent proton conductivity in its thickness direction. Preferably, the polymer electrolyte membrane containing a polymer compound comprising an ionic segment having an ionic functional group and a nonionic segment having substantially no ionic functional group, and the phase containing ionic segments as a main component and the phase containing nonionic segments as a main component are phase-separated, and in the surface region thereof, the change in the amount of the ionic segment from the surface toward the interior substantially decreases monotonically.

Abstract: A garbage disposing device of an energy-saving type comprises a housing having an air intake port and an air discharge port, and a vessel mounted within the housing to store therein food wastes. The vessel has an air inlet and an air outlet. An intake passage is formed in the housing to extend from the intake port to the air inlet for introducing a fresh air into the vessel. An exhaust passage is formed within the housing to extend from the air outlet to the discharge port for discharging therethrough an air containing unpleasant odor resulting from a decomposition of the food wastes. A deodorizer unit comprises a catalyst for decomposing the unpleasant odor in the air, a heater for activating the catalyst, and a case for incorporating therein the catalyst and the heater.

Abstract: A musical sound generating system not requiring a memory unit or interpolation device for generating a tone having a tone color including a large number of harmonic components. The tone is generated with few operations and ready predictability of tone color. The musical sound generating system includes an adder for phase modulating a carrier wave by adding modulating wave data to carrier wave phase angle data; a pseudo-sinusoidal wave operator for outputting a pseudo-sinusoidal wave in response to phase-modulated carrier wave phase angle data from the adder; and a multiplier for generating a tone signal by multiplying the pseudo-sinusoidal wave by amplitude coefficient data. The pseudo-sinusoidal wave operator controls modulation of the pseudo-sinusoidal wave in accordance with a function modulation coefficient that is supplied to the operator as an external parameter.