Abstract: A toner cartridge detachably is attached to an image forming apparatus. The toner cartridge includes a toner chamber that holds toner therein and a toner-agitating mechanism that agitates the toner in the toner chamber. The mechanism includes a crank shaft that includes a first crank pin and a second crank pin, the crank shaft being rotatably supported in the toner chamber. A rod has a first end rotatably coupled to the second crank pin and a second end slidably inserted in a guide path provided above the toner chamber. The second end has a permanent magnet or a magnetic flux sensitive element attached thereto. The rod moves upward and downward when the crank shaft is driven in rotation. A detection mechanism on the image apparatus side detects the magnetic flux or the permanent magnet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magneto-resistance effect type head for reproducing, with a high sensitivity, information recorded at a high recording density on a recording medium while inhibiting occurrence of the Barkhausen noise, including a magneto-resistance effect element comprised of a multi-layer film containing a free magnetic layer having its magnetization direction changing in correspondence with an external magnetic field, an insulating film, a non-magnetic underlying layer formed on the insulating film, and one pair of magnetic domain-wall control layers formed on the underlying layer in its in-face direction with a predetermined spacing therebetween, for inhibiting movement of magnetic domain wall of the free magnetic layer, in such a configuration that the free magnetic layer has its both ends directly stacked on the pair of the magnetic domain-wall control layers and also has its middle part directly stacked on the underlying layer.

Abstract: A camera comprises an exposure unit to expose film to an object image and an image pick-up unit to pick up object images with an image pick-up element and output electronic picked up images, and further comprises a film pressure member to make contact with and press against the above film; a camera back cover having an aperture; a liquid crystal display panel to display the above electronic picked up images; a backlight to illuminate the display face of the above liquid crystal display panel from the back side of the above liquid crystal display panel; a light-blocking case which houses at least the above liquid crystal display panel and the above backlight, having a bottom face and side walls, and which is designed such that, when the above liquid crystal display panel is housed, the side thereof facing the display face of the liquid crystal display panel is opened; a clamping mechanism to clamp the above light-blocking case, together with the above film pressure member, to the above back cover, such that th

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus is provided which includes a power converter including a plurality of semiconductor switching elements which operate to perform power conversion, thereby to generate polyphase alternating current, an ac load circuit connected to an ac output side of the power converter, and a zero-phase power supply device connected to the ac load circuit. In this apparatus, the power converter, ac load circuit, and the zero-phase power supply device are connected in the form of a loop, so that voltage and current of the zero-phase power supply device provide zero-phase-sequence components when viewed from the ac output side of the power converter through the ac load circuit. The power converter performs time-sharing operations to supply and receive electric power to and from the ac load circuit, and supply and receive zero-phase-sequence power to and from the zero-phase power supply device.

Abstract: A method and a system with which the buyer can modify the specifications of a product so as to make it satisfy the needs of the buyer, while allowing mass production and maintaining the marketability of the product. With a product specifications modifying method and a product specifications modifying system according to the invention, the buyer prepares specifications modifying information for modifying the specifications of a product on the basis of an information preparing program made available to the buyer by buying the product and adapted to modify the specifications so as to satisfy his or her demand. Then, the buy modifies the specifications of the product on the basis of the specifications modifying information.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect magnetic head includes a magnetoresistance effect element having first and second ends. An electrically insulating biasing portion is at ends of the magnetoresistance effect element to apply a longitudinal bias magnetic field to the magnetoresistance effect element and to suppress leakage current at the ends of the magnetoresistance element. The biasing portion can include an intermediate longitudinal bias application layer disposed between a first insulating antiferromagnetic layer and a second layer that can be an antiferromagnetic layer. The bias portion can also be formed as one bias application layer.

Abstract: A PWM power converter is provided which includes an adder that adds a high-frequency signal from a high-frequency generator to a voltage command signal, and a PWM generator of carrier comparison type or space vector type that generates a PWM signal based on the output of the adder, which PWM signal is used for driving switching devices to provide a desired output voltage.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus is provided which includes a power converter including a plurality of semiconductor switching elements which operate to perform power conversion, thereby to generate polyphase alternating current, an ac load circuit connected to an ac output side of the power converter, and a zero-phase power supply device connected to the ac load circuit. In this apparatus, the power converter, ac load circuit, and the zero-phase power supply device are connected in the form of a loop, so that voltage and current of the zero-phase power supply device provide zero-phase-sequence components when viewed from the ac output side of the power converter through the ac load circuit. The power converter performs time-sharing operations to supply and receive electric power to and from the ac load circuit, and supply and receive zero-phase-sequence power to and from the zero-phase power supply device.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst comprising (A) a solid titanium catalyst component containing a magnesium atom, titanium atom, halogen atom and electron donor, in which divalent titanium atom account for not more than 25 atomic % of the whole titanium atom and trivalent titanium atom account for at least 30 atomic % of the whole titanium atom and (B) an organoaluminum compound component having no halogen atom; and an olefin production method which comprises polymerizing an olefin in the presence of the above olefin polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: An electric system for an electric vehicle includes a voltage type inverter that receives dc input voltage from a dc input circuit, and generates variable ac voltage of a variable frequency, and an ac motor including a plurality of windings each of which has one end connected to an ac output terminal of the voltage type inverter, the other ends of the windings being connected together to provide a neutral point of motor windings. A variable-voltage energy storage element is connected between the neutral point and a connecting point provided in the dc input circuit, and an on-vehicle dc power supply is connected to the opposite ends of the energy storage element or input terminals of the dc input circuit. The inverter performs switching operations in a zero-voltage vector mode, to operate as a chopper, so that power is transferred between the variable-voltage energy storage element, and the dc input side of the inverter.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a copper tube with a tinned inner surface by circulating a substitution-type electroless tin plating solution inside the copper tube. The process is characterized by comprising a first plating step wherein the rate of deposition of a tin film is adjusted so that the total copper ion concentration in the plating solution, immediately after flowing from the copper tube, after having been circulated inside the tube divided by the tin (II) ion concentration in this plating solution is 0.8 or less, and a second plating step wherein plating is carried out at a plating solution temperature higher than the plating solution temperature in the first plating step. A plating solution comprising 0.05-0.3 mol/l of Sn.sup.2 ion, 0.5-2.0 mol/l of thiourea, 0.5-2.0 mol/l of sulfuric acid, 0.05-2.0 mol/l of alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, and 0.5-5.0 g/l of a nonionic surface active agent is preferably used.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus such as color electrophotographic printer has a plurality of image forming stations. Each image forming station includes an image forming cartridge and a toner cartridge mounted therein. The toner cartridge has a corresponding first engagement portion. The image forming cartridge has a receiving section with a corresponding second engagement portion. The receiving section detachably receives the corresponding toner cartridge therein with the second engagement portion fittingly engaging the first engagement portion. The first and second engagement portions are of a construction that they can be polarized such that the first engagement portions engage the second engagement portions in different engagement relations when the devices are received in the receiving sections, each of the toner cartridges being received in a corresponding one of the receiving sections.

Abstract: A position information recorder incorporated in a camera comprises a position measurement unit that receives position information via a GPS which is a position measurement system using satellites and that performs position measurement to calculate a position, a receiving state determination unit that determines the state of receiving the position information, a memory that stores position measurement data, and a magnetic recording unit that records data in the magnetic recording area of film. When position measurement data cannot be fetched, position measurement information stored in the memory immediately before is read out and recorded.

Abstract: A Patrone and a camera using the Patrone. The Patrone comprises a film wind spool arranged in a cylindrical body, of which upper and lower ends are light-tightly sealed. The body stores film so that the film can move freely in or out of the body in such a manner that the film can rotate freely, and is wound about said spool in roll form. Locking members are arranged in the cylindrical body and can be displaced freely relative to the spool. Ends of the locking members normally project outwardly from the cylindrical body. Locked members are arranged opposed to said locking members and are formed substantially as parts of one of the cylindrical body or spool. An elastic member normally urges each of the locked members toward engagement with an associated locking member.

Abstract: This invention is a novel mold-pressing apparatus for molding and pressing a material, which is provided with an electric servo motor and a pair of linking mechanisms. The electric servo motor drives the mold-pressing apparatus and rotates itself in the normal and inverse directions. The electric servo motor is numerically controlled. The driving force from the electric servo motor is transmitted to the pressing mold via the linking mechanism by a rotation to reciprocation conversion assembly. By virtue of the provision of these, the mold-pressing apparatus can very easily and effectively secure the applicable pressure and adjust the pressure-applying speed, stroke of the pressing mold, and the pressing time so that the mold operator can create a comfortable environment and improve overall efficiency of the pressing operation.

Abstract: In an azimuth signal generator for an automobile navigation system a change in the rotational rate of an inertia rotary member, which has its rotary shaft held vertically and is driven at substantially a constant speed, is detected as a direction changing rate of the car and the direction changing rate is integrated by an integrator to obtain an azimuth signal. On the other hand, the azimuth of geomagnetism is detected by a geomagnetic azimuth sensor and a correcting signal is produced based on an error between the azimuth signal and the geomagnetic azimuth signal. The correcting signal is negatively feedback to the input side of the integrator, causing the azimuth signal to follow the geomagnetic azimuth signal.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises a base film and a magnetic film having magnetic particles, formed on the base film. The magnetic film has a coercive force ranging from 750 Oe to 980 Oe and a residual magnetic flux density of 1,250 Gauss or over. In addition, the magnetic particles have a length of 0.2 .mu.m or below.