Abstract: A photosensitive drum is rotatable about a drum axis extending in a first direction. A frame includes a first side plate located at first end in the first direction and a second side plate spaced from the first side plate in the first direction. The frame rotatably supports the photosensitive drum between the first side plate and the second side plate in the first direction. The frame holds a developer cartridge. A lock lever is pivotable about a pivot axis extending in a second direction intersecting with the first direction. The lock lever is movable between a lock position at which the developer cartridge is locked on the frame and a release position at which the developer cartridge is unlocked from the frame.

Abstract: A developing cartridge includes: a casing; a developing roller; a shaft; and a cam. The casing is configured to accommodate developer therein. The developing roller is rotatable about a first axis extending in an axial direction. The shaft extends along a second axis extending in the axial direction. The shaft is movable along the second axis. The cam is movable along the second axis in response to axial movement of the shaft. The cam has a cam surface non-parallel with the second axis.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention includes: a photosensitive layer formed on an electroconductive support member thereof, wherein a surface layer of the photosensitive member contains a silicon denatured polycarbonate copolymer and a silicon-type graft polymer. An electrophotographic photosensitive apparatus according to the present invention includes: an electrophotographic photosensitive member, the surface layer of which contains a silicon denatured polycarbonate copolymer and a silicon-type graft polymer; a latent image forming unit for forming an electrostatic latent image on the electrophotographic photosensitive member; a developing unit for forming a toner image by developing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, on which the electrostatic image has been formed, with a toner; and, optimally, a cleaning unit for cleaning the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A charging member for electrophotography comprising a surface layer, wherein the surface layer comprises a resin and an alkali metal salt contained therein.

Abstract: An to an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a photosensitive layer containing a specified oxytitanium phthalocyanine and a polyvinyl acetal resin having a structural unit represented by Formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a nitro group, or a cyano group; and Y is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a nitro group, or a cyano group. The photosensitive member maintains a low residual potential without deterioration of the sensitivity during repeated use.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a photosensitive member, a charging device, an image exposure device for exposing the photosensitive member to form a latent image, a developing device for developing the latent image with a toner to form a transferable toner image on the surface of the photosensitive member, a transfer device for transferring the toner image to a transfer material, and a cleaning device for removing a residual toner; the charging device, image exposure device, developing device, transfer device and cleaning device being disposed in the named order along the moving direction of the photosensitive member. The charging device includes an electroconductive member which directly contacts the photosensitive member surface to charge the photosensitive member surface. The electroconductive member forms a nip width with the photosensitive member of at least 0.5 mm and a load per unit contact area between the electroconductive member and photosensitive member is between 0.5-30 g/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon: the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a first copolymer of a first construction unit represented by Formula (1) and a second construction unit represented by Formula (2), and a second copolymer of a third construction unit represented by Formula (3) and a fourth construction unit represented by Formula (4): ##STR1##

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed by a cylindrical substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed on the cylindrical substrate. The cylindrical substrate has a circumferential end section adjacent to at least one longitudinal end of the cylindrical substrate, and the circumferential end section has the photosensitive layer thereon removed and has been subjected to cutting. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is characterized by the circumferential end section having a smooth surface on the cylindrical substrate. The photosensitive member co-operates with a peripheral member, such as a spacer or a sealing member, at the end section in performing a stable electrophotographic process.

Abstract: An image-bearing member especially adapted to a very compact electrophotographic apparatus is provided. The image-bearing member has a ratio of the diameter to the length of 1:5 or more, and the surface of the image-bearing member has a relative frictional coefficient against urethane rubber of 0.7 or less with polyethylene terephthalate film as the standard, whereby a cleaning failure and generation of blade scratches on the image-bearing member can be avoided even if it has a small diameter of 45 mm or less. The cleaning effect is ensured if the cleaning blade line pressure is 7 g/cm or higher.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis, which is characterized by enzyme-immunologically measuring the amount of collagenase inhibitor present in sera, plasmas or synovial fluids by way of a sandwich assay wherein two different monoclonal antibodies which specifically bind to different antigenic determinants of the collagenase inhibitor are used, and comparing the measured amount with that for normal subjects.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrophotographic process adapted for using a cylindrical photosensitive member of a small diameter of 40 mm or less which has such a charging characteristic that when it is charged to 700 V (or -700 V) and then exposed to such an intensity of light as to provide a potential of 200 V (or -200 V) after exposure for 50 msec., the photosensitive member will have a potential of 20 to 150 V (or -20 to -150 V) after exposure for 150 msec. In the process, the steps of charging, exposure, developing and transfer involved, and the following relationship is satisfied: R.theta./v.gtoreq.0.30, wherein R (mm) is the outer diameter of the cylindrical photosensitive member, .theta. (radian) is the angle formed between the exposure and the developing position on the cylindrical photosensitive member with respect to the center thereof as the angle center, and v (mm/sec) is the circumferential speed of the cylindrical photosensitive member.