Abstract: A first circuit operates in synchronization with a first clock having a first frequency, and generates N parallel data sets for every cycle period of the first clock. An interface circuit time-division multiplexes the N data sets received from the first circuit. A second circuit processes the N data set thus time-division multiplexed, in synchronization with a second clock having a second frequency which is N times the first frequency. A judgment unit judges whether or not the N data sets are effective data which instructs a flip-flop group, configured as a state holding element included in the second circuit, to generate an effective state transition. In a cycle period in which the N data sets are ineffective, a data replacement unit replaces at least a part of the N data sets with current compensation data DCMP.

Abstract: A first circuit operates in synchronization with a first clock having a first frequency, and generates N parallel data sets for every cycle period of the first clock. An interface circuit time-division multiplexes the N data sets received from the first circuit. A second circuit processes the N data set thus time-division multiplexed, in synchronization with a second clock having a second frequency which is N times the first frequency. A judgment unit judges whether or not the N data sets are effective data which instructs a flip-flop group, configured as a state holding element included in the second circuit, to generate an effective state transition. In a cycle period in which the N data sets are ineffective, a data replacement unit replaces at least a part of the N data sets with current compensation data DCMP.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image bearing member to bear an electrostatic latent image, and a developer bearing member to bear a developer, in which the electrostatic latent image is formed on the latent image bearing member by first uniformly charging the latent image bearing member and then by performing an optical writing operation. The electrostatic latent image is visualized by supplying the developer borne on the developer bearing member to the latent image bearing member. A lubricant for reducing a friction coefficient of a surface of the latent image bearing member is supplied to the latent image bearing member and the lubricant has a charging polarity opposite to that of the developer. The friction coefficient of the latent image bearing member is maintained such that adhering of the developer to a background part of the latent image is prevented as a result of supplying the lubricant to the latent image bearing member.

Abstract: A quinoline derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is an amino group or a halogen atom, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,and an ester thereof and a salt of the derivative or the ester and processes for preparation thereof. These compounds show excellent antibacterial activity and are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: A quinoline derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is an amino group or a halogen atom, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,and an ester thereof and a salt of the derivative or the ester and processes for preparation thereof. These compounds show excellent antibacterial activity and are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The device for opening/closing the shutter blade(s) of a photographic camera comprises an electromagnetic actuator coupled with the shutter blade(s) and adapted to open or close the same upon supply of a current from an electrode source through a driver and/or a control circuit to the actuator in one direction or in the opposite direction. The electric source is a constant current circuit and a current regulating circuit is interposed between the constant current circuit and the driver thereby permitting the shutter opening speed to be adjusted by regulating the current regulating circuit. Alternatively, the electric source is a constant voltage circuit and a resistor is connected in series between the driver and the actuator thereby permitting the shutter opening speed to be adjusted by regulating the resistance of the resistor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to quinoline derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is an amino group or a halogen atom, R is ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl or haloalkyl group, R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl or haloalkyl group, R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, or R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heterocyclic ring, and n is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when Z is an amino group, R is (B);and esters thereof and salts thereof and processes for preparation thereof. These compounds show excellent antibacterial activity and are useful antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quinoline derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is an amino group or a halogen atom, R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group, R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl or fluoromethyl group, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n is 1 or 2;and esters thereof and salts thereof and processes for preparation thereof. These compounds show excellent antibacterial activity and are useful antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a fluorine or chlorine atom, and R is a hydrogen atom, or a methyl or ethyl group;and esters thereof and salts thereof are processes for preparation thereof. These compounds show excellent anti-bacterial activity and are useful antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 1,8-naphthyridine derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and each hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and esters thereof and salts thereof and processes for preparation thereof. These compounds show excellent antibacterial activity and are useful antibacterial agents.

Abstract: A 7-(4-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, an ethyl or vinyl group, and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,and a salt thereof.The compounds represented by the formula are useful in antibacterial compositions or intermediates thereof.

Abstract: A 1,8-naphthyridine compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a lower alkyl group, and the esters and salts thereof. The 1,8-naphthyridine compound of the formula (I) in which R.sub.1 is a methyl group is useful as an antibacterial agent.

Abstract: A 1,8-naphthyridine compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a vinyl or 2-fluoroethyl group, andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,and the esters thereof and salts thereof. For example, 7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1-vinyl-1,8-naphthyr idine-3-carboxylic acid and nontoxic salts thereof, which are covered by the aforesaid compound, are useful as an antibacterial agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1,8-naphthyridine compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen atom especially fluorine atom,R.sub.1 is an ethyl group or a vinyl group, andR.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, their salts and processes for the preparation of them.The 1,8-naphthyridine compounds and their salts are useful as antibacterial agents and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1,8-naphthyridine compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen atom especially fluorine atom,R.sub.1 is an ethyl group or a vinyl group, andR.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, their salts and processes for the preparation of them.The 1,8-naphthyridine compounds and their salts are useful as antibacterial agents and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a 1,8-naphthyridine compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl, and a nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a process for preparing a 1,8-naphthyridine compound of the above formula which comprises(A) reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein Y is halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfinyl, lower alkylsulfonyl, lower alkylsulfonyloxy or arylsulfonyloxy, and R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,with a compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a protective group for the amino group, and R is as defined above,and when a reaction product in which R.sub.1 is lower alkyl and/or R.sub.2 is the amino protective group is obtained, treating it with an acid or base, and/or reductively cleaving it,(B) decomposing a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein A .crclbar. is a fluorine-containing anion, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above,and when a reaction product in which R.sub.

Abstract: 2-[4-(P-Aminobenzyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-ethyl-5,8-dihydro-5-oxopyrido-[2,3-d] pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt. This novel compound can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, with a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is an amino group or a group convertible to the amino group, and X is a reactive moiety capable of splitting off together with the hydrogen atom at the 4-position of the 1-piperazinyl group of the compound of the formula (II). Pharmaceutical compositions containing aforesaid compounds as active ingredients are useful for treating a bacterial infection of man and other warm-blooded animals.

Abstract: Piperazine derivatives of the following formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom except the case where both A and B are nitrogen atoms,R.sub.1 is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl group or acetyl group;R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl group or a vinyl group; andR.sub.3 is hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of the following formula ##SPC1##Wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl group, a benzyl group subsituted by methoxy, a phenyl group, a propargyl group or an acyl group; R.sub.2 is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by hydroxy or halogen, a vinyl group, an allyl group, or a benzyl group R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;And salts thereof, and processes for preparing them. Some of the compounds have antibacterial activities.