Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ceramic electronic part having a desired film thickness and external electrodes such that the part is manufactured without projections and depression of the surface thereof, includes applying an electrode paste of a prescribed thickness on the surface of the ceramic element. The electrode paste is applied by rotating a roller with the electrode paste on its peripheral surface, and by moving at least either one of the roller and the ceramic element in a prescribed direction so that the ceramic element moves relative to and tangentially of the roller in the direction opposite to the rotation of the roller with at least a part of the ceramic element dipped in the electrode paste applied on the peripheral surface of the roller.

Abstract: A versatile production system in which a communication-memory unit is attached to a product, or to a pallet carrying the product, while the product is conveyed along the production line. The communication-memory unit communicates with a line host controller via line terminals located at production line assembling and testing sites in order to send information relating to the product from the communication-memory unit to the line host controller and to the communication-memory unit from the line host controller. Information can also be transferred from the communication-memory unit to the line terminals for output to a production worker and input by a production worker from a line terminal to the communication-memory unit. In this manner, the communication-memory unit contains manufacturing information relating to the product and this information is electronically updated at each production line site.

Abstract: A versatile production system, to produce multiple kinds of products including small quantities of products, by supplying work order sheets to personnel in the line transmitted via a production management system, and by transmitting defective product data at each working process to a quality control system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a versatile production system and a method of operating same. The system generates a work order so as to improve production efficiency and minimize line balance loss. The system includes working places for assembling and testing various kinds of products and line terminals installed in the working places. A communication-memory unit is attached to a product or a pallet so as to match the flow of products and information. A line host controller stores files containing information related to work contents, operators, time changes, standard parts feeding sequence, components of a product and maintenance tool. The line host controller calculates and assigns work so as to reduce the inefficient use of time and outputs work orders via the line terminals. The system monitors parameters related to time control, quality conditions and the states of operators. The system rearranges work orders and stops the system if a critical fault occurs.

Abstract: A racemic alcohol is subjected to the optical resolution by irreversibly esterifying one of the two antipodes of the racemic alcohol with an acid anhydride or enol ester of a carboxylic acid in a organic solvent in the presence of a hydrolase. This optical resolution uses a non-aqueous organic solvent in which the hydrolase is insoluble and involves an irreversible esterification, thus permitting an efficient optical resolution and improving recovery and re-usability of the hydrolase.