Abstract: A radio communication apparatus for use in a radio communication system having a radio link between a base station and the radio communication apparatus. The radio communication apparatus comprises determining unit, a receiver, a speaker, a demodulator, and a display. The determining unit determines one of a plurality of operation modes of the apparatus. The receiver is configured to receive a received signal over the radio link. The speaker is configured to output a voice message based on the received signal when a first of the operation modes is determined. The demodulator is configured to demodulate the received signal into a character data when a second of the operation modes is determined. The display is configured to display the character data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique to identify layout of surface regions of an object by image area segmentation. A plurality of images is acquired by imaging an object under a plurality of mutually different illumination conditions. By performing area segmentation on this plurality of images, the layouts of the plurality of image areas which is different from the layout of the object surface regions is obtained. Then, the layout of the surface regions on the object is identified based on the layouts of the plurality of image areas.

Abstract: A halftone dot image HI composed of halftone dots is produced by halftone dot meshing of an object image OI. A smoothed object image SOI and a smoothed halftone dot image SHI are then produced by smoothing the object image and the halftone dot image. An interference moire image IM is produced by obtaining a difference between the smoothed object image SOI and the smoothed halftone dot image SHI.

Abstract: A color image of a circuit board is divided into respective color regions. Plural representative colors are set, and angle indices and distance indices are calculated for each pixel color in the color image in a predetermined color space. The angle indices for a particular pixel color represent angles between an individual color vector representing the particular pixel color and plural representative color vectors of the plural representative colors. The distance indices for a particular pixel color represent distances between the particular pixel color and the plural representative colors. Composite distance indices are then calculated for each pixel color in the color image, based on the distance indices and the angle indices. Each pixel in the color image is classified into plural representative color regions associated with the plural representative colors according to the composite distance indices, thereby dividing the image region of the color image into the plural representative color regions.

Abstract: A two-dimensional image of a substrate surface targeted for polishing is periodically picked up, and the image is analyzed to obtain an entropy H1, H2 of the two-dimensional image. An end point of polishing is then determined according to the entropy H1, H2. Alternatively, other image characteristic value such as a difference statistic of the image may be employed instead of the entropy H1, H2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique to identify layout of surface regions of an object by image area segmentation. A plurality of images is acquired by imaging an object under a plurality of mutually different illumination conditions. By performing area segmentation on this plurality of images, the layouts of the plurality of image areas which is different from the layout of the object surface regions is obtained. Then, the layout of the surface regions on the object is identified based on the layouts of the plurality of image areas.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus for use in a radio communication system having a radio link between a base station and the radio communication apparatus. The radio communication apparatus comprises determining unit, a receiver, a speaker, a demodulator, and a display. The determining unit determines one of a plurality of operation modes of the apparatus. The receiver is configured to receive a received signal over the radio link. The speaker is configured to output a voice message based on the received signal when a first of the operation modes is determined. The demodulator is configured to demodulate the received signal into a character data when a second of the operation modes is determined. The display is configured to display the character data.

Abstract: White light is irradiated onto the surface of a printed circuit board from an oblique direction to capture a color information image MG0. Infrared light is also irradiated from a substantially perpendicular direction to capture an infrared light image IRM. Region segmentation is performed based on the color information image MG0 produces an image MG3 representing an integrated color region which includes a gold region GL and a brown region BR. Using this image MG3 and the infrared light image IRM, the gold region GL can be distinguished from the brown region BR. In another embodiment, a plurality of images relating to a plurality of wavelength bands of light are respectively captured for an inspection region. Then, an image characteristic value is calculated for the plurality of images, and a wavelength band R7 which is appropriate for an inspection is selected on the basis of this image characteristic value.

Abstract: A two-dimensional image of a substrate surface targeted for polishing is periodically picked up, and the image is analyzed to obtain an entropy H1, H2 of the two-dimensional image. An end point of polishing is then determined according to the entropy H1, H2. Alternatively, other image characteristic value such as a difference statistic of the image may be employed instead of the entropy H1, H2.

Abstract: A color image of a circuit board is divided into respective color regions. Plural representative colors are set, and angle indices and distance indices are calculated for each pixel color in the color image in a predetermined color space. The angle indices for a particular pixel color represent angles between an individual color vector representing the particular pixel color and plural representative color vectors of the plural representative colors. The distance indices for a particular pixel color represent distances between the particular pixel color and the plural representative colors. Composite distance indices are then calculated for each pixel color in the color image, based on the distance indices and the angle indices. Each pixel in the color image is classified into plural representative color regions associated with the plural representative colors according to the composite distance indices, thereby dividing the image region of the color image into the plural representative color regions.

Abstract: A halftone dot image HI composed of halftone dots is produced by halftone dot meshing of an object image OI. A smoothed object image SOI and a smoothed halftone dot image SHI are then produced by smoothing the object image and the halftone dot image. An interference moire image IM is produced by obtaining a difference between the smoothed object image SOI and the smoothed halftone dot image SHI.

Abstract: Each recording pixel is divided into M small divisions where M is an integer of not less than 2. A threshold pattern is provided for the small divisions where a threshold value is assigned to each of the M small divisions corresponding to each recording pixel. The threshold values assigned to the M small divisions are compared with a multi-tone image signal to produce M pieces of binary comparison results. An image recording signal is generated as a function of a sum n of the M pieces of binary comparison results.

Abstract: Threshold values are generated in order to disperse isolated dots in an irregular manner when an level of an image signal is between a first signal level and a second signal level. The first signal level is a level at which one isolated dot consisting of one pixel is formed in each one-dot area including one halftone dot, and the second signal level is a level at which no isolated dot consisting of one pixel is formed in each one-dot area. The threshold values are then compared with the image signal, to generate a halftone dot signal representing halftone dots.

Abstract: An exposure signal representing a halftone image is generated by executing tone correction on at least either of an image signal and n pieces of dot pattern signals, and by comparing the image signal with the n pieces of dot pattern signals after the tone correction. The tone correction characteristics are set to compensate for a difference in dot gain characteristics between dot types. The halftone image is accordingly reproduced with the compensated dot gain characteristics.

Abstract: In a digital key telephone system through which extension-to-extension calls can be made and incoming calls can be transferred between a master main installation and plural slave main installations, the master and slave main installations are interconnected through digital interface units provided for each installation in order to transmit and receive speech data and control data in digital code between the installations. The digital interface unit of the master main installation first designates an address of the slave main installation to which data are to be transmitted before data transmission, while the digital interface unit of the slave main installation receives data transmitted from the master main installation after address designation. Further, the addresses of the slave main installations can be designated together or separately.