Abstract: A wiring substrate is provided with a support substrate (31), an insulating layer (32), and a wiring layer (33). The support substrate (31) is formed with a hole (34) including an opening portion in one surface of the support substrate (31). The insulating layer (32) is formed on a surface of the support substrate (31) opposite to the one surface thereof including the opening portion. The wiring layer (33) includes a wiring pattern of a predetermined structure on the insulating layer (32). Further, an orthographic projection to be obtained when the wiring pattern is projected on a predetermined surface of the support substrate (31), and an orthographic projection to be obtained when the hole (34) is projected on the predetermined surface of the support substrate (31) include a shared portion.

Abstract: A wiring substrate is provided with a support substrate (31), an insulating layer (32), and a wiring layer (33). The support substrate (31) is formed with a hole (34) including an opening portion in one surface of the support substrate (31). The insulating layer (32) is formed on a surface of the support substrate (31) opposite to the one surface thereof including the opening portion. The wiring layer (33) includes a wiring pattern of a predetermined structure on the insulating layer (32). Further, an orthographic projection to be obtained when the wiring pattern is projected on a predetermined surface of the support substrate (31), and an orthographic projection to be obtained when the hole (34) is projected on the predetermined surface of the support substrate (31) include a shared portion.

Abstract: A system that affords synchronization signals for adjusting the skew in parallel transmission without producing data overhead to enable high-efficiency large-capacity transmission. On a transmitter side, a transmitter outputs two wavelengths. The transmitter transmits the data signals for transmission as it switches from a first wave length to a second wavelength at a certain synchronization timing. A wavelength filter separates a first wavelength and a second wavelength on a receiving side at the pre-stages of receivers receiving the data signals of the respective transmission paths. Data D1 and D2, separated in association with the first and second wave lengths, are stored in buffers B11, B12 to detect oncoming of data signals with maximum delay in the respective transmission paths. The data are output simultaneously from the second buffer B2 to the respective transmission paths in a timing of the data having the maximum delay.

Abstract: The present invention provide a pigment composition and a method for producing same at low cost, which has the same or more excellent quality compared with those produced by a salt milling process which has been commonly used. The pigment composition is produced by dry-milling a pigment in the presence of a surfactant and a water-soluble resin, said surfactant and said water-soluble resin being contained in amounts of 1 to 20% by weight and 2 to 50% by weight respectively based on an amount of the pigment. The pigment composition according to the present invention is readily dispersed into an aqueous system to obtain an aqueous pigment dispersion.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aluminum phthalocyanine composition or a halogenated aluminum phthalocyanine composition in high yield and purity is provided which entails bringing a molten salt of aluminum chloride and/or aluminum bromide and a phthalocyanine compound having a central element other than aluminum into contact with each other in a predetermined temperature range thereby to substitute aluminum for the central element. Alternatively, the process involves conducting the aforementioned step, and introducing a halogen into the resultant reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyhalogenated phthalocyanine containing not more than 0.02 part by weight of water-insoluble inorganic impurities derived from aluminum chloride per 100 parts by weight of phthalocyanine before halogenation, which comprises the following steps A, B and C;step A of halogenating phthalocyanine in titanium tetrachloride in the presence of aluminum chloride,step B of evaporating titanium tetrachloride and sublimating aluminum chloride by heating the halogenation reaction mixture, thereby recovering aluminum chloride as a mixture with titanium tetrachloride and obtaining a polyhalogenated phthalocyanine, andstep C of recycling aluminum chloride isolated from the mixture with titanium tetrachloride or said mixture to the step A.

Abstract: A process for producing a pigment composition containing a highly halogenated copper phthalocyanine, produced by halogenation of copper phthalocyanine in the presence of chlorosulfonic acid, titanium tetrachloride or a mixture of titanium tetrachloride with aluminum chloride, a highly halogenated copper phthalocyanine produced by halogenation of a copper phthalocyanine in a solid powder state, or a highly halogenated copper phthalocyanine produced by cyclization. The composition further contains at least one highly halogenated different-metalo-phthalocyanine selected from highly halogenated metalo-phthalocyanines each of which has Al, Mg, Si, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ge or Sn as a central metal.

Abstract: A polyhalogenated phthalocyanine obtained by halogenation of phthalocyanine in the presence of aluminum chloride and contains not more than 0.02 part by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the phthalocyanine before the halogenation, of water-insoluble inorganic impurities derived from the aluminum chloride contributes to improvement of a printing ink in form plate abrasion properties.

Abstract: Provided according to this invention is a process for the halogenation of copper phthalocyanine in titanium tetrachloride in the presence of aluminum chloride, which comprises preliminarily stirring both a part or all of the aluminum chloride and the copper phthalocyanine in titanium tetrachloride at not less than 50.degree. C. and carrying out the halogenation reaction, provided that when the part of the aluminum chloride is added for the preliminary stirring, the remaining portion of the aluminum chloride is added during the halogenation reaction.

Abstract: There is provided a pigment composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a pigment and from 0.3 to 30 parts by weight of a colorless or slightly colored aromatic compound having the following general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein Q represents a residue of an aromatic polycyclic compound which is joined directly or through A to --SO.sub.2 -- radical of the compound of the formula (I), A represents a member selected from the group consisting of --O--, ##STR2## --S--, --CO--, --SO.sub.2 --, ##STR3## a divalent phenylene residue and a combination thereof, in which R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent, independently, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent, independently, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or together form a heterocyclic ring together with N* in the formula (I), R.sub.

Abstract: A pigment composition is disclosed which includes a pigment and a coloring compound of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein Q represents a residue of a coloring compound other than phthalocyanine, X represents --SO.sub.2 -- or --CO--, m and n represent, respectively, an integer of from 1 to 4 and an integer of from 1 to 6, R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent, independently, a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together form a heterocyclic ring which contains a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom therein.