Abstract: Provided is a leaky coaxial cable in which a plurality of slots 1 for forming a leak electromagnetic field are arranged in a string shape in an outer conductor of the coaxial cable. The pitch interval of the slots 1 is periodically changed in the axial direction. The periodical change of the pitch interval of a slot portion changes according to a sinusoidal function, a quadratic function, or other functions.

Abstract: An interleave frame is formed by combining slots corresponding to the same slot number in each frame when interleave process is performed in a super frame, and the data are read out along row or column direction (i.e. readout direction) and the data are written along the direction opposite to the readout direction in the same memory.

Abstract: Stabilized carrier recovery is achieved even at the time of a low C/N ratio by measuring the phase of a signal and controlling VCO or NCO (Numerical Controlled Oscillator) using only a period having few constellation points. At this time, false lock phenomenon is avoided as follows. That is, relatively short SYNC modulated by an already-known pattern is entered into a modulation wave, VCO or NCO oscillation frequency is swept in a wide range and sweep is stopped at a frequency in which the SYNC can be received, thereby carrying out coarse control AFC. Further, a period having long to some extent, having few constellation points is provided in the modulation wave and then, a difference between the frequency of a received modulated signal and a local oscillation signal of VCO or NCO is obtained in this period.

Abstract: High resolution vertical and horizontal components of a high definition video signal are combined with a standard broadcast system video signal, such as the NTSC system, in which high frequency horizontal resolution components are sampled and used to modulate at least a first sub-carrier signal. The first sub-carrier is frequency interleaved onto the standard broadcast signal. Vertical high resolution components are time compressed and time division multiplexed onto top and bottom portions of the standard broadcast signal. The modified broadcast signal can be decoded by a standard receiver to display a standard resolution video image, while receivers designed to decode the modified signal can time division demultiplex the vertical high resolution components and demodulate the horizontal high resolution components, combine these components with the standard components, and generate a high definition video image.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of detecting with improved accuracy a motion vector representing an object moved on a picture plane comprises a memory section for storing an input picture signal renewed for every predetermined time interval, a spatial filter section for applying a spatial band limitation to two signal portions of the renewed picture signal stored in the memory, which signal portions corresponding to the different time intervals, and a detecting section including at least one detecting stage for detecting the motion vector in accordance with the gradient method on the basis of the two picture signals and a minute value to be added to a gradient determined from one reference picture signal represented by one of the two picture signals.

Abstract: A multiple sub-sampling encoding/decoding system performing interfield and interframe offset sub-sampling of a broad bandwidth television signal. The system compresses the television signal to fit, for example, to the transmission bandwidth of the standard television systems, compensates the transmission characteristics, and achieves the optimal frequency allocation of the modulated transmission signal.

Abstract: A television synchronization system in which a bipolar signal having a waveform including a front porch (304), a negative polarity pulse, a positive polarity pulse and a back porch is used as a horizontal sync signal, and a composite signal having a waveform including the positive polarity pulse, the back porch, a negative polarity pulse with a wide pulse width, a front porch and a negative polarity pulse is used as a vertical sync signal. When separating and reproducing the sync signals from a television signal transmitted through a transmission line, deviation of the reference phase can be eliminated so that the accuracy of the reproduced phase is improved. Therefore, the television synchronization system is preferably used in a high definition television system.

Abstract: A solid state image sensor including a light receiving section having a number of light receiving cells arranged in matrix, and a reading and storing section having a first set of switching and memory transistors for reading bright signals read out of light receiving cells arranged in a row and storing the same for a horizontal scanning period, a second set of switching and memory transistors for reading dark signals out of light receiving cells arranged in a row and storing the same for a horizontal scanning period, and a set of reading transistors for reading the bright and dark signals simultaneously out of the first and second sets of memory transistors for respective pixels successively. The light receiving section and the reading and storing section are formed integrally in the same semiconductor substrate. In order to remove the fixed pattern noise, there is derived differences between the simultaneously readout bright and dark signals with the aid of a differential amplifier.