Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes: a photoelectric converter that generates charge through photoelectric conversion; a charge accumulator in which the charge is accumulated; and a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor including a first terminal, a second terminal, a gate, an oxide layer, and at least one semiconductor region. During exposure, the first terminal is electrically connected to the charge accumulator. The gate is electrically connected to the first terminal. The at least one semiconductor region is electrically connected to the second terminal. The oxide layer is located between the gate and the at least one semiconductor region.

Abstract: Many actual data 30, each consisting of a set of an actual water distribution amount obtained in advance from a water management system 10 and a variable needed for prediction, are loaded and retained as history data 52, an input space of a case base 54 is quantized according to a desired output allowance error, each history data 52 is set in the quantized input space, and a case representing at least one history data is prepared to generate a case base 52. Then a similar case corresponding to a newly input prediction condition 40 is retrieved from the case base 54, and a water distribution amount corresponding to the prediction condition 40 is estimated from the retrieved similar case.

Abstract: Many actual data 30, each consisting of a set of an actual water distribution amount obtained in advance from a water management system 10 and a variable needed for prediction, are loaded and retained as history data 52, an input space of a case base 54 is quantized according to a desired output allowance error, each history data 52 is set in the quantized input space, and a case representing at least one history data is prepared to generate a case base 52. Then a similar case corresponding to a newly input prediction condition 40 is retrieved from the case base 54, and a water distribution amount corresponding to the prediction condition 40 is estimated from the retrieved similar case.