Abstract: A printed circuit board comprising: a plurality of dielectric core layers comprising at least a top dielectric core layer and a bottom dielectric core layer; a thermally-conductive coin embedded in at least one of the dielectric core layers; and a high frequency material inlaid in at least one of the dielectric core layers.

Abstract: Circuitry for preventing damage to differentially coupled input JFETs in an integrated circuit amplifier includes first (J2) and second (J4) differentially coupled input JFETs. A first input signal (Vin+) is applied to a gate of the first input JFET (J2), and second input signal (Vin?) is applied to a gate of the second input JFET. Needed amounts of drain current are supplied to the first and second input JFETs. A separator JFET (J1) having a drain coupled to a source of the first input JFET and a source coupled to the source of the second input JFET is operated to control an amount of electrical isolation between the drain and source of the separator JFET so as to limit an amount of reverse bias voltage across a gate-source junction of one of the first and second input JFETs to a value less than a gate-source junction breakdown voltage of that the first and second input JFETs.

Abstract: Circuitry for preventing damage to differentially coupled input JFETs in an integrated circuit amplifier includes first (J2) and second (J4) differentially coupled input JFETs. A first input signal (Vin+) is applied to a gate of the first input JFET (J2), and second input signal (Vin?) is applied to a gate of the second input JFET. Needed amounts of drain current are supplied to the first and second input JFETs. A separator JFET (J1) having a drain coupled to a source of the first input JFET and a source coupled to the source of the second input JFET is operated to control an amount of electrical isolation between the drain and source of the separator JFET so as to limit an amount of reverse bias voltage across a gate-source junction of one of the first and second input JFETs to a value less than a gate-source junction breakdown voltage of that the first and second input JFETs.

Abstract: A precision operational amplifier operating in single supply mode, including a single differential transistor input pair and a cascoded CMOS transistor pair, stabilizes the drain-to-source voltage of the input transistor pair to ensure a stable off-set voltage and increased power supply and common mode rejection. The precision amplifier biases the cascoded CMOS transistor pair in accordance with the stabilized drain-to-source voltage of the differential transistor input pair. Such biasing may take the form of body biasing or biasing the gates of the cascode CMOS transistor pair to ensure that the CMOS transistor pair remain in the active region of operation when the common mode supply voltage approaches zero.

Abstract: An exemplary trimming circuit can be further simplified to include a single current source to provide for trimming of offset and temperature drift in a device, such as an op amp, voltage reference and the like. A single temperature-dependent current source is trimmed to a predetermined value, for example to zero, at a first temperature, and then the current from the temperature-dependent current source is used to trim output parameters, i.e., adjust the output variables, to a desired value at a second temperature. An exemplary trimming circuit comprises a temperature-dependent current source I(T), a current switch and a device to be, trimmed. The current switch is configured to suitably facilitate the trimming of the trimmed device through coupling of a fraction or multiple of the current signal from temperature-dependent current source I(T) to one or more offset-control terminals of the trimmed device.

Abstract: A precision operational amplifier operating in single supply mode, including a single differential transistor input pair and a cascoded CMOS transistor pair, stabilizes the drain-to-source voltage of the input transistor pair to ensure a stable off-set voltage and increased power supply and common mode rejection. The precision amplifier biases the cascoded CMOS transistor pair in accordance with the stabilized drain-to-source voltage of the differential transistor input pair. Such biasing may take the form of body biasing or biasing the gates of the cascode CMOS transistor pair to ensure that the CMOS transistor pair remain in the active region of operation when the common mode supply voltage approaches zero.

Abstract: A trimming circuit and method of trimming is provided for offset and temperature drift trimming of an op amp or voltage reference device, having an input stage, on at least two different temperatures. The trimming circuit has a current source stage, having first and second current sources which are trimmed at a first temperature, in a first step, to balance the currents of the first and second current sources. The two current sources are configured to be selectively connected, in a second step and at the first temperature, to the offset-control terminal(s) of the input stage and thereby to trim the output of the input stage. The first and second current sources also have different temperature coefficients and are interchangeable with other current sources to facilitate changing, in a third step, the temperature coefficient of one of the two current sources to facilitate offset trimming at a second temperature.

Abstract: A trimming circuit and method of trimming is provided for offset and temperature drift trimming of an op amp or voltage reference device, having an input stage, on at least two different temperatures. The trimming circuit has a current source stage, having first and second current sources which are trimmed at a first temperature, in a first step, to balance the currents of the first and second current sources. The two current sources are configured to be selectively connected, in a second step and at the first temperature, to the offset-control terminal(s) of the input stage and thereby to trim the output of the input stage. The first and second current sources also have different temperature coefficients and are interchangeable with other current sources to facilitate changing, in a third step, the temperature coefficient of one of the two current sources to facilitate offset trimming at a second temperature.

Abstract: An exemplary trimming circuit can be further simplified to include a single current source to provide for trimming of offset and temperature drift in a device, such as an op amp, voltage reference and the like. A single temperature-dependent current source is trimmed to a predetermined value, for example to zero, at a first temperature, and then the current from the temperature-dependent current source is used to trim output parameters, i.e., adjust the output variables, to a desired value at a second temperature. An exemplary trimming circuit comprises a temperature-dependent current source I(T), a current switch and a device to be trimmed. The current switch is configured to suitably facilitate the trimming of the trimmed device through coupling of a fraction or multiple of the current signal from temperature-dependent current source I(T) to one or more offset-control terminals of the trimmed device.