Abstract: [Problem] To provide a novel technology that can promote the production of interleukin-6, and to provide a novel technology that can promote the production of interleukin-10. [Solution] Provided are an interleukin-6 production promoter that comprises a crude yeast cell wall hydrolysate, and an interleukin-10 production promoter that comprises a crude yeast cell wall hydrolysate.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a novel technology that can promote the production of interleukin-6, and to provide a novel technology that can promote the production of interleukin-10. [Solution] Provided are an interleukin-6 production promoter that comprises a crude yeast cell wall hydrolysate, and an interleukin-10 production promoter that comprises a crude yeast cell wall hydrolysate.

Abstract: A liquid consumption apparatus that detects a liquid surface level of a liquid inside a liquid container (ink tank), including: a circuit substrate; a substrate holder that holds the circuit substrate; and a control unit that detects the liquid surface level. A pair of electrically-conductive members consisting of a first electrically-conductive member and a second electrically-conductive member are provided for the liquid container. The circuit substrate is provided with a pair of terminals corresponding to the pair of electrically-conductive members. The substrate holder is provided with an elastic contact for connecting the pair of electrically-conductive members and the pair of terminals with each other. The elastic contact is a contact that is elastic in a first direction, where the first direction is a longitudinal direction of the pair of electrically-conductive members.

Abstract: A liquid consumption apparatus that detects a liquid surface level of a liquid inside a liquid container (ink tank), including: a circuit substrate; a substrate holder that holds the circuit substrate; and a control unit that detects the liquid surface level. A pair of electrically-conductive members consisting of a first electrically-conductive member and a second electrically-conductive member are provided for the liquid container. The circuit substrate is provided with a pair of terminals corresponding to the pair of electrically-conductive members. The substrate holder is provided with an elastic contact for connecting the pair of electrically-conductive members and the pair of terminals with each other. The elastic contact is a contact that is elastic in a first direction, where the first direction is a longitudinal direction of the pair of electrically-conductive members.

Abstract: A liquid consumption device of the present invention has a holder in which an opening section is provided in a position to face a prism of an ink cartridge, a light emitting section, and a light receiving section. The holder has a region that changes a light amount of the reflected light emitted from the light emitting section and received by the light receiving section in a position spaced apart from the opening section at a predetermined distance in a main scanning direction.

Abstract: The liquid consuming apparatus includes a detection portion 90 having a light-emitting portion 92 and a light-receiving portion 94, a holder 20 in which a liquid container provided with a prism 170 is attachably and detachably installed, the holder 20 having an opening portion 22 provided at a position facing the prism 170 when the liquid container is installed, and a reflection portion 24, and a moving portion that relatively moves the holder in a first direction with respect to the detection portion 90. A first portion of the holder 20 that is peripheral to the reflection portion 24 in a plan view of the holder 20 as seen from the side of the detection portion 90 has an inclined face that inclines in a second direction intersecting the first direction.

Abstract: The liquid consuming apparatus includes a detection portion 90 having a light-emitting portion 92 and a light-receiving portion 94, a holder 20 in which a liquid container provided with a prism 170 is attachably and detachably installed, the holder 20 having an opening portion 22 provided at a position facing the prism 170 when the liquid container is installed, and a reflection portion 24, and a moving portion that relatively moves the holder in a first direction with respect to the detection portion 90. A first portion of the holder 20 that is peripheral to the reflection portion 24 in a plan view of the holder 20 as seen from the side of the detection portion 90 has an inclined face that inclines in a second direction intersecting the first direction.

Abstract: There is provided a method of driving an electrophoretic display device including a display unit in which an electrophoretic element containing electrophoretic particles is interposed between first and second substrates and in which a plurality of pixels are arranged. The method includes lowering a contrast of the display unit, when a predetermined non-operation period elapses after the display unit displays an image.

Abstract: A liquid consumption apparatus includes a detection portion in which a light emitting portion and a light receiving portion are arranged, a liquid container that houses a liquid and in which a prism having a cavity is disposed, a carriage with respect to which the liquid container is attachable and detachable, and in which an opening is provided in a position that opposes the prism, and a light shielding portion disposed in the opening in the carriage. When a driving portion moves the carriage in a direction in which the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion are arranged, noise light produced by the prism bottom surface or cavity portion is suppressed, as a result of the light shielding portion blocking part of irradiated light.

Abstract: A liquid consumption device of the present invention has a holder in which an opening section is provided in a position to face a prism of an ink cartridge, a light emitting section, and a light receiving section. The holder has a region that changes a light amount of the reflected light emitted from the light emitting section and received by the light receiving section in a position spaced apart from the opening section at a predetermined distance in a main scanning direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of driving an electrophoretic device that includes an electrophoretic element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrophoretic layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further includes a capacitor connected to the first electrode at one terminal. The method includes (a) applying a reference potential or a first potential higher than the reference potential to the first electrode of the electrophoretic element and the terminal of the capacitor and applying the reference potential to the second electrode of the electrophoretic element, and (b) applying a signal fluctuating between a second potential and a third potential to the second electrode subsequently to the step (a), the second potential being equal to or higher than the reference potential, the third potential being higher than the second potential and being equal to or lower than the first potential.

Abstract: A liquid chamber for a liquid ejecting apparatus includes a prism disposed on a bottom portion of the liquid chamber. The prism includes a first reflection surface having a first reflection region by which light incident on the prism from a light emitting element is reflected when liquid does not make contact with the first reflecting region. The prism includes a relief that includes a first relief surface opposed to the first reflection region. The thickness of the prism between the first reflection region and the first relief surface is substantially constant. The constant thickness of the prism between the first reflection region and the first relief surface suppresses deflection of the first reflection region, thereby improving sensitivity for the detection of liquid in the liquid chamber.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display includes an electrophoretic display module including an element substrate, a counter substrate disposed on a display side of the element substrate, and an electrophoretic layer held therebetween; a first protective sheet disposed on a counter substrate side of the electrophoretic display module; a second protective sheet disposed on an element substrate side of the electrophoretic display module so as to face the first protective sheet with the electrophoretic display module disposed therebetween; and a frame member disposed between the first and second protective sheets along the periphery thereof so as to surround the electrophoretic display module. The frame member is integrated with the first and second protective sheets by welding the frame member to the first protective sheet and to the second protective sheet.

Abstract: There is provided a method of driving an electrophoretic display device including a display unit in which an electrophoretic element containing electrophoretic particles is interposed between first and second substrates and in which a plurality of pixels are arranged. The method includes lowering a contrast of the display unit, when a predetermined non-operation period elapses after the display unit displays an image.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display includes an electrophoretic display module including an element substrate, a counter substrate disposed on a display side of the element substrate, and an electrophoretic layer held therebetween; a first protective sheet disposed on a counter substrate side of the electrophoretic display module; a second protective sheet disposed on an element substrate side of the electrophoretic display module so as to face the first protective sheet with the electrophoretic display module disposed therebetween; and a frame member disposed between the first and second protective sheets along the periphery thereof so as to surround the electrophoretic display module. The frame member is integrated with the first and second protective sheets by welding the frame member to the first protective sheet and to the second protective sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of driving an electrophoretic device that includes an electrophoretic element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrophoretic layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further includes a capacitor connected to the first electrode at one terminal. The method includes (a) applying a reference potential or a first potential higher than the reference potential to the first electrode of the electrophoretic element and the terminal of the capacitor and applying the reference potential to the second electrode of the electrophoretic element, and (b) applying a signal fluctuating between a second potential and a third potential to the second electrode subsequently to the step (a), the second potential being equal to or higher than the reference potential, the third potential being higher than the second potential and being equal to or lower than the first potential.

Abstract: [Problems]To provide a wet paper friction member with both excellent friction property and high frictional coefficient. [Solution Means]A wet paper friction member is produced by impregnating a paper body with thermosetting resin, curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure. The paper body comprises cellulose pulp and a filler and further comprises aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 200-400 ml and aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 450-700 ml, respectively at 10-30 wt % of a total weight of the paper body, and said whole aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted comprises 30-50 wt % of a total weight of the paper body. Its surface roughness before and after pressure forming is adjusted so that the load length ratio Rmr (30%)?55% as the load length ratio is defined by Rmr(C) (C: cutting level %). Thus, high frictional coefficient, heat resistance and mechanical strength are realized simultaneously.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition which comprises a lubricant base oil and, incorporated therein, (A) from 0.01 to 0.2 mass % of a polyol compound having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, (B) from 0.03 to 0.05 mass %, in terms of the amount of boron, of an alkali metal borate, (C) from 0.05 to 0.2 mass %, in terms of the amount of nitrogen, of an ashless dispersant, and (D) from 0.1 to 0.4 mass %, in terms of the amount of an alkaline earth metal, of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate having a total base number of 250 mg-KOH/g or more, the percentages being based on the total amount of the composition. The lubricating oil composition can simultaneously enhance the dynamic and the static friction coefficients in a wet clutch, and is suitable for use particularly in an automatic transmission.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission comprises a base oil having a pour point of −25° C. or lower and a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 7 mm2/s at 100° C., (A) a over-based calcium sulfonate having a total base number of 300 to 500 mg KOH/g, (B) a succinimide having boron atom and/or a succinimide having no boron atom, which are substituted with a hydrocarbon group (an alkyl groups or alkenyl groups having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,500), and, and (C) a phosphorous acid ester-based compound, each in a specific amount. The composition has a great statical friction coefficient (&mgr;s), an excellent transmission torque capacity and a friction characteristic having a &mgr; ratio of 1 or smaller, exhibiting excellent resistance to transmission shock on clutching.