Abstract: A method for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine cylinder includes moving a piston back and forth in a cylinder and injecting pure nitrogen into a combustion chamber during the compression stroke. The method includes injecting the fuel and nitrogen into different regions to create a stratified gas environment, igniting the fuel, and releasing exhaust emissions. An engine system for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, a first intake line, one or more nitrogen injectors, and a fuel injector. An engine system for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, an intake line, and a multi-nozzle injector with a fuel nozzle and a nitrogen nozzle.

Abstract: A composition that may be used as a fuel. The composition includes C5-C7 paraffins, in an amount not exceeding 20% by volume of the composition, C5-C9 iso-paraffins, in an amount from 30% to 90% by volume of the composition, C5-C8 olefins, in an amount not exceeding 40% by volume of the composition, C5-C10 naphthenes, in an amount not exceeding 20% by volume of the composition, C5-C10 aromatics, in an amount not exceeding 30% by volume of the composition, and a fuel additive comprising C1-C5 oxygenates, in an amount from 1% to 15% by volume of the composition.

Abstract: A method for blending fuel streams to produce a low-sulfur distillate blend includes formulating a blend composition using a model, calculating a projected stability of the determined composition using a predictive stability model, and forming a low-sulfur distillate blend based on the determined composition by mixing determined input streams at the blending ratio. A low-sulfur distillate blend (LSDB) for marine engines includes a blend of residual and distillate fuel streams that satisfies the IMO global sulfur cap of 0.5 wt % sulfur and is stable without any separation of blend components.

Abstract: A method for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine cylinder includes moving a piston back and forth in a cylinder and injecting pure nitrogen into a combustion chamber during the compression stroke. The method includes injecting the fuel and nitrogen into different regions to create a stratified gas environment, igniting the fuel, and releasing exhaust emissions. An engine system for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, a first intake line, one or more nitrogen injectors, and a fuel injector. An engine system for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, an intake line, and a multi-nozzle injector with a fuel nozzle and a nitrogen nozzle.

Abstract: A method for blending fuel streams to produce a low-sulfur distillate blend includes formulating a blend composition using a model, calculating a projected stability of the determined composition using a predictive stability model, and forming a low-sulfur distillate blend based on the determined composition by mixing determined input streams at the blending ratio. A low-sulfur distillate blend (LSDB) for marine engines includes a blend of residual and distillate fuel streams that satisfies the IMO global sulfur cap of 0.5 wt % sulfur and is stable without any separation of blend components.

Abstract: A system that includes a molecular descriptor generator configured to receive a simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) representation of a molecule and output a molecular descriptor for the molecule. The system further includes a trained chemical super learner model configured to receive the molecular descriptor and output a property prediction for the molecule, wherein the trained chemical super learner model is composed of a weighted average of one or more trained machine-learned models. The system further includes a computer that includes one or more computer processors configured to receive a first production example with a SMILES representation of a first molecule, process the first production example with the molecular descriptor generator to produce a first molecular descriptor, and process, with the trained chemical super learner model, the first molecular descriptor to determine a first prediction for a property of the first molecule.

Abstract: A marine engine system includes a marine engine, a turbocharger comprising a compressor, an air valve positioned in a flow path connecting the compressor and a mixing chamber to split flow between an intake air stream and a recovered air stream directed to a separation unit, an air operated compressor to generate a separator feed stream by increasing the pressure of the recovered air stream, the separation unit configured to concentrate nitrogen from the separator feed stream to generate a nitrogen-enriched air stream and a nitrogen-depleted air stream, a mixing chamber to combine the nitrogen-enriched air stream and the intake air stream to generate a nitrogen-enriched intake air stream, and a controller communicatively coupled to the air valve to direct the air valve to variably adjust the split between the intake air stream and the recovered air stream.

Abstract: A marine engine system includes a marine engine, a turbocharger comprising a compressor, an air valve positioned in a flow path connecting the compressor and a mixing chamber to split flow between an intake air stream and a recovered air stream directed to a separation unit, an air operated compressor to generate a separator feed stream by increasing the pressure of the recovered air stream, the separation unit configured to concentrate nitrogen from the separator feed stream to generate a nitrogen-enriched air stream and a nitrogen-depleted air stream, a mixing chamber to combine the nitrogen-enriched air stream and the intake air stream to generate a nitrogen-enriched intake air stream, and a controller communicatively coupled to the air valve to direct the air valve to variably adjust the split between the intake air stream and the recovered air stream.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle comprises a set of wheels, a mechanical transmission adapted to provide torque to the set of wheels, an electric motor coupled to and providing motive force to the mechanical transmission, battery storage coupled to and supplying electrical power to the electric motor, and a gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine coupled to at least one of the mechanical transmission and the electric motor so as to provide mechanical energy to the mechanical transmission and energy for operating the electric motor.

Abstract: An engine system includes an engine configured to combust liquid natural gas and generate an exhaust gas comprising methane; a catalytic reactor coupled downstream of the engine and configured to convert methane into a product through one or more of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction and steam methane reforming (SMR) reaction; and a recirculation loop configured to recirculate at least a part of the product back to the engine.

Abstract: An engine system includes an engine configured to combust liquid natural gas and generate an exhaust gas comprising methane; a catalytic reactor coupled downstream of the engine and configured to convert methane into a product through one or more of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction and steam methane reforming (SMR) reaction; and a recirculation loop configured to recirculate at least a part of the product back to the engine.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine includes moving a piston downward from a top dead center position to a bottom dead center position expanding a combustion chamber in an intake stroke, dispensing a first portion of fuel into the combustion chamber, subsequent to moving the piston downward in the intake stroke, moving the piston upward in the vertical direction compressing the combustion chamber in a compression stroke, subsequent to moving the piston upward in the compression stroke, moving the piston downward in the vertical direction in an expansion stroke, while moving the piston downward in the vertical direction in the expansion stroke, dispensing a second portion of fuel into the combustion chamber, and while moving the piston downward in the expansion stroke, igniting at least a part of the first portion of fuel and the second portion of fuel.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine includes passing air to a separation unit, separating the air into a nitrogen-enriched air stream and an oxygen-enriched air stream with the separation unit, passing the nitrogen-enriched air stream to a mixing chamber in communication with the separation unit, detecting a nitrogen content within the nitrogen-enriched air stream, based at least in part on the detected nitrogen content within the nitrogen-enriched air stream, moving an air valve between a closed position, in which the air valve restricts flow of an air stream to the mixing chamber, and an open position, in which the air stream flows to the mixing chamber through the air valve, passing the nitrogen-enriched air stream to a combustion chamber, passing a fuel to the combustion chamber, and combusting the fuel and the nitrogen-enriched air stream within the combustion chamber, thereby moving a piston within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine includes moving a piston downward from a top dead center position to a bottom dead center position expanding a combustion chamber in an intake stroke, dispensing a first portion of fuel into the combustion chamber, subsequent to moving the piston downward in the intake stroke, moving the piston upward in the vertical direction compressing the combustion chamber in a compression stroke, subsequent to moving the piston upward in the compression stroke, moving the piston downward in the vertical direction in an expansion stroke, while moving the piston downward in the vertical direction in the expansion stroke, dispensing a second portion of fuel into the combustion chamber, and while moving the piston downward in the expansion stroke, igniting at least a part of the first portion of fuel and the second portion of fuel.

Abstract: A vehicular propulsion system, a vehicular fuel system and a method of operating an internal combustion engine. A separation unit that makes up a part of the fuel system may selectively receive and separate at least a portion of onboard fuel and a flowable adsorbent in order to separate the fuel into octane-enhanced and cetane-enhanced fuel components. A controller may be used to determine a particular operating condition of the internal combustion engine such that the onboard fuel can be sent to one or more combustion chambers within the internal combustion engine without first passing through the separation unit during one operating condition, or instead to the separation unit in situations where the internal combustion engine may require an octane-rich or cetane-rich mixture in another operating condition.

Abstract: A vehicular propulsion system, a vehicular fuel system and a method of producing fuel for an internal combustion engine. A separation unit that makes up a part of the fuel system includes one or more adsorbent-based reaction chambers to selectively receive and separate at least a portion of onboard fuel into octane-enhanced and cetane-enhanced components. Regeneration of an adsorbate takes place through interaction with a solvent, while subsequent separation allows the solvent to be reused. A controller may be used to determine a particular operational condition of the internal combustion engine such that the onboard fuel can be sent to one or more combustion chambers within the internal combustion engine without first passing through the separation unit, or instead to the separation unit in situations where the internal combustion engine may require an octane-rich or cetane-rich mixture.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, an internal combustion engine may be operated by a method including one or more of the steps of passing a first fuel and a second fuel into a combustion chamber of an engine cylinder to form a fuel mixture, and combusting the fuel mixture with a spark plug to translate the piston housed in the engine cylinder and rotate a crank shaft coupled to the piston. The engine cylinder may include a cylinder head and cylinder sidewalls, and the combustion chamber may be defined at least partially by the cylinder head, the cylinder sidewalls, and the piston. The first fuel may include a greater octane rating than the second fuel. The combustion chamber may include an end gas region and a central region, the central region more near to the spark plug than the end gas region.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle comprises a set of wheels, a mechanical transmission adapted to provide torque to the set of wheels, an electric motor coupled to and providing motive force to the mechanical transmission, battery storage coupled to and supplying electrical power to the electric motor, and a gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine coupled to at least one of the mechanical transmission and the electric motor so as to provide mechanical energy to the mechanical transmission and energy for operating the electric motor.

Abstract: A vehicular propulsion system, a vehicular fuel system and a method of operating an internal combustion engine. A separation unit that makes up a part of the fuel system includes one or more adsorbent-based chambers such that the separation unit may selectively receive and separate at least a portion of onboard fuel into octane-enhanced and cetane-enhanced fuel components. A supply tank includes three compartments where the first contains the onboard fuel, the second receives a vaporized adsorbate from the separation unit and condenses at least a part of it into one of an octane-rich fuel component or a cetane-rich fuel component, while the third may either store the condensed and enriched fuel component or help condense more of the vaporized adsorbate. The condensing takes place through heat exchange between the onboard fuel and the vaporized adsorbate that are present within the various compartments of the supply tank.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, an internal combustion engine may be operated by a method including one or more of the steps of passing a first fuel and a second fuel into a combustion chamber of an engine cylinder to form a fuel mixture, and combusting the fuel mixture with a spark plug to translate the piston housed in the engine cylinder and rotate a crank shaft coupled to the piston. The engine cylinder may include a cylinder head and cylinder sidewalls, and the combustion chamber may be defined at least partially by the cylinder head, the cylinder sidewalls, and the piston. The first fuel may include a greater octane rating than the second fuel. The combustion chamber may include an end gas region and a central region, the central region more near to the spark plug than the end gas region.