Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor chip are provided. The methods may include providing a semiconductor substrate including integrated circuit regions and a cut region. The cut region may be between the integrated circuit regions. The methods may also include forming a modified layer by emitting a laser beam into the semiconductor substrate along the cut region, polishing an inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate to propagate a crack from the modified layer, and separating the integrated circuit regions along the crack. The cut region may include a plurality of multilayer metal patterns on an active surface of the semiconductor substrate, which is opposite to the inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of multilayer metal patterns may form a pyramid structure when viewed in cross section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrostatic chuck heater having a bipolar structure, the electrostatic chuck heater comprising: a heater body having an internal electrode and an external electrode for selectively performing any one of an RF grounding function and an electrostatic chuck function according to a semiconductor process mode; and a heater support mounted below the heater body so as to support the heater body.

Abstract: A method and a system thereof for producing a digital holographic screen based on multi-hogel printing are proposed. The system includes a light source unit including lasers, a dichroic mirror for RGB three color matching, mirrors, a beam splitter, and an optical shutter, an object beam unit including a spatial filter, a lens, and a mirror, a reference beam unit including a spatial filter, a lens, and a mirror, a diffuser fixing unit including a diffuser holder and a diffuser positioned between the object beam unit and a recording material and configured to scatter and diffuse the object beam, a photomask movement unit including a photomask holder, an XY-translation stage, and a photomask positioned between the reference beam unit and the recording medium and on which a grid-shaped on/off binary pattern is printed, and a controller configured to control the optical shutter and the XY-translation stage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device including a display panel having a plurality of pixels, the display panel comprising a first display area having first resolution and a second display area having second resolution, the second resolution being lower than the first resolution, and a controller configured to generate display area information of each of the plurality of pixels, to blur an image that is displayed in the second display area based on the display area information, and to perform control such that the blurred image is displayed on the display panel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a backlight unit configured to emit light, a display panel positioned in front of the backlight unit; and an optical film positioned in front of the display panel, and the optical film includes a base layer, a first refractive layer positioned in front of the base layer, a second refractive layer positioned in front of the first refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the first refractive layer, a third refractive layer positioned at the rear of the base layer, and a fourth refractive layer positioned at the rear of the third refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the third refractive layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus including a liquid crystal panel, first and second polarizing plates coupled to the front and rear of the liquid crystal panel, respectively, and a light absorbing layer on which light passed sequentially through the first polarizing plate, the liquid crystal panel is incident, wherein the light absorbing layer is disposed on a front surface of the second polarizing plate positioned in the front of the liquid crystal panel. The light absorbing layer includes a first resin layer, a second resin layer on which light passed through the first resin layer is incident, the second resin layer having a refractive index higher than that of the first resin layer, and light absorbing portions disposed on the first resin layer and configured to absorb a part of light passing through the light absorbing layer. Through this configuration, a viewing angle of the display apparatus is improved.

Abstract: There is provided a display apparatus with an improved viewing angle. The display apparatus includes a display panel configured to receive light from a light source module, wherein the display panel includes: a liquid crystal panel; a first polarizing plate positioned on a rear side of the liquid crystal panel and a second polarizing plate positioned on a front side of the liquid crystal panel; and an optical layer positioned on a front surface of the second polarizing plate, wherein the optical layer includes: a resin layer having a first refractive index, and including an accommodating groove in which a light adjusting portion is disposed, the resin layer further including a light refractive pattern protruding toward a rear direction of the display panel; and an adhesive layer having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index, and bonding the resin layer with the second polarizing plate.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel receiving light from a light source. The display panel includes a liquid crystal panel, first and second polarizers respectively disposed on front and rear sides of the liquid crystal panel, and an optical layer disposed on a front surface of the second polarizer. The optical layer includes a first resin layer having light absorption portions for absorbing a portion of incident light, a second resin layer disposed on a front surface of the first resin layer, the second resin layer having a higher refractive index than the first resin layer, the second resin layer having light diffusion portions for diffusing light not absorbed by the light absorption portions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus including a liquid crystal panel, first and second polarizing plates coupled to the front and rear of the liquid crystal panel, respectively, and a light absorbing layer on which light passed sequentially through the first polarizing plate, the liquid crystal panel is incident, wherein the light absorbing layer is disposed on a front surface of the second polarizing plate positioned in the front of the liquid crystal panel. The light absorbing layer includes a first resin layer, a second resin layer on which light passed through the first resin layer is incident, the second resin layer having a refractive index higher than that of the first resin layer, and light absorbing portions disposed on the first resin layer and configured to absorb a part of light passing through the light absorbing layer. Through this configuration, a viewing angle of the display apparatus is improved.

Abstract: There is provided a display apparatus with an improved viewing angle. The display apparatus includes a display panel configured to receive light from a light source module, wherein the display panel includes: a liquid crystal panel; a first polarizing plate positioned on a rear side of the liquid crystal panel and a second polarizing plate positioned on a front side of the liquid crystal panel; and an optical layer positioned on a front surface of the second polarizing plate, wherein the optical layer includes: a resin layer having a first refractive index, and including an accommodating groove in which a light adjusting portion is disposed, the resin layer further including a light refractive pattern protruding toward a rear direction of the display panel; and an adhesive layer having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index, and bonding the resin layer with the second polarizing plate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display apparatus. The display apparatus includes a backlight unit configured to emit light, a display panel positioned in front of the backlight unit; and an optical film positioned in front of the display panel, and the optical film includes a base layer, a first refractive layer positioned in front of the base layer, a second refractive layer positioned in front of the first refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the first refractive layer, a third refractive layer positioned at the rear of the base layer, and a fourth refractive layer positioned at the rear of the third refractive layer and having a lower refractive index than the third refractive layer.

Abstract: A polarization film and a display apparatus are provided. The polarization film includes first polarization layers and second polarization layers. The first polarization layers have a first refractive index with respect to a first polarization; and the second polarization layers have a second refractive index with respect to the first polarization and are arranged in each interval between the first polarization layers. The first polarization layers reflect light of the first polarization having color coordinates based on a thickness of the first polarization layers, at a boundary that touches the second polarization layers. The display apparatus includes a display panel and the polarization film.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel; a light source package configured to supply light; and a light guide plate configured to receive the light supplied by the light source package and guide the light to the display panel. The light source package includes: a light source configured to generate the light; a first reflector disposed around the light source; a light converter disposed between the light source and the light guide plate, the light converter being configured to convert properties of the light directed toward the light guide plate; and a second reflector protruding from the light converter toward the light source, the second reflector being configured to reflect the light generated by the light source toward the first reflector, and to reflect light reflected by the light converter toward the light guide plate.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel receiving light from a light source. The display panel includes a liquid crystal panel, first and second polarizers respectively disposed on front and rear sides of the liquid crystal panel, and an optical layer disposed on a front surface of the second polarizer. The optical layer includes a first resin layer having light absorption portions for absorbing a portion of incident light, a second resin layer disposed on a front surface of the first resin layer, the second resin layer having a higher refractive index than the first resin layer, the second resin layer having light diffusion portions for diffusing light not absorbed by the light absorption portions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrochromic device including an active layer in which a catalyst facilitating oxidation-reduction reaction is homogeneously dispersed. The electrochromic device includes at least one active layer to reversibly exhibit a transparent state upon hydrogenation and a reflective state upon dehydrogenation, wherein the active layer includes a catalyst to facilitate a rate of reversible conversion between the transparent state and the reflective state.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel; a light source package configured to supply light; and a light guide plate configured to receive the light supplied by the light source package and guide the light to the display panel. The light source package includes: a light source configured to generate the light; a first reflector disposed around the light source; a light converter disposed between the light source and the light guide plate, the light converter being configured to convert properties of the light directed toward the light guide plate; and a second reflector protruding from the light converter toward the light source, the second reflector being configured to reflect the light generated by the light source toward the first reflector, and to reflect light reflected by the light converter toward the light guide plate.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a polarizing member attached to a rear surface of a transparent panel in front of a display panel. Accordingly, external light incident thereon is reflected by the polarizing member, thereby improving the aesthetic quality of the display apparatus.

Abstract: A polarization film and a display apparatus are provided. The polarization film includes first polarization layers and second polarization layers. The first polarization layers have a first refractive index with respect to a first polarization; and the second polarization layers have a second refractive index with respect to the first polarization and are arranged in each interval between the first polarization layers. The first polarization layers reflect light of the first polarization having color coordinates based on a thickness of the first polarization layers, at a boundary that touches the second polarization layers. The display apparatus includes a display panel and the polarization film.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrochromic device including an active layer in which a catalyst facilitating oxidation-reduction reaction is homogeneously dispersed. The electrochromic device includes at least one active layer to reversibly exhibit a transparent state upon hydrogenation and a reflective state upon dehydrogenation, wherein the active layer includes a catalyst to facilitate a rate of reversible conversion between the transparent state and the reflective state.

Abstract: An apparatus for easily measuring the quality of gallium nitride (GaN) in normal conditions such as an atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The apparatus includes a light source disposed above a GaN substrate and a measuring unit disposed above the GaN substrate. The light source emits light to a surface of the GaN substrate. The measuring unit measures the quality of the GaN substrate based on the spectrum of light radiated from the GaN substrate.