Abstract: An apparatus for multiphase clock calibration for a transmitter in data communication systems includes a phase interpolator (PI) configured to receive a clock signal and generate multiphase clock signals with adjustable duty cycles and in-phase quadrature control. The apparatus may include a pattern generator coupled to the PI and configured to generate a pattern output based on a data signal sampled by the multiphase clock signals. The apparatus also includes a delay-adjust module coupled to the PI and configured to measure timing differences between the edges of a reference clock and the pattern output with adjustable delays. A phase detector is coupled to the pattern generator and configured to detect a phase error between the pattern output and the reference clock. A calibration controller is configured to provide controls to the PI and the delay-adjust module for adjusting delays to the reference clock and the pattern output to calibrate the multiphase clock signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for multiphase clock calibration for a transmitter in data communication systems includes a phase interpolator (PI) configured to receive a clock signal and generate multiphase clock signals with adjustable duty cycles and in-phase quadrature control. The apparatus may include a pattern generator coupled to the PI and configured to generate a pattern output based on a data signal sampled by the multiphase clock signals. The apparatus also includes a delay-adjust module coupled to the PI and configured to measure timing differences between the edges of a reference clock and the pattern output with adjustable delays. A phase detector is coupled to the pattern generator and configured to detect a phase error between the pattern output and the reference clock. A calibration controller is configured to provide controls to the PI and the delay-adjust module for adjusting delays to the reference clock and the pattern output to calibrate the multiphase clock signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is an energy harvesting apparatus. The energy harvesting apparatus includes a rectifier for rectifying an alternating current (AC) voltage supplied from an energy source into a direct current (DC) voltage, a charging unit for storing an output voltage of the rectifier, and a maximum power point tracker selectively connected between the rectifier and the charging unit, for differentiating the output voltage of the rectifier in a first connection state, and for controlling the output voltage of the rectifier based on a differentiation result.

Abstract: Provided is a ramp signal generating apparatus. The ramp signal generating apparatus includes N (N is a natural number) ramp signal generating cells that are connected in series to each other. Each of the ramp signal generating cells includes a power voltage unit for supplying current source, a latch unit for latching an output voltage of the power voltage unit, and a switch unit for outputting the voltage latched by the latch unit as an output voltage in response to an input signal.

Abstract: Provided is a ramp signal generating apparatus. The ramp signal generating apparatus includes N (N is a natural number) ramp signal generating cells that are connected in series to each other. Each of the ramp signal generating cells includes a power voltage unit for supplying current source, a latch unit for latching an output voltage of the power voltage unit, and a switch unit for outputting the voltage latched by the latch unit as an output voltage in response to an input signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an energy harvesting apparatus. The energy harvesting apparatus includes a rectifier for rectifying an alternating current (AC) voltage supplied from an energy source into a direct current (DC) voltage, a charging unit for storing an output voltage of the rectifier, and a maximum power point tracker selectively connected between the rectifier and the charging unit, for differentiating the output voltage of the rectifier in a first connection state, and for controlling the output voltage of the rectifier based on a differentiation result.