Abstract: In the present disclosure, pressurized fuel is directly injected from a fuel injection valve into a cylinder, and a fuel pressure is controlled to a target fuel pressure. A target fuel pressure during early depressurization is calculated on the basis of a target amount of intake air that is a target load of an internal-combustion engine, a target fuel pressure during a normal state is set on the basis of an actual amount of intake air that is an actual load of the internal-combustion engine, and a lower one of the target fuel pressure during early depressurization and the target fuel pressure during a normal state is set as the target fuel pressure.

Abstract: In the present disclosure, pressurized fuel is directly injected from a fuel injection valve into a cylinder, and a fuel pressure is controlled to a target fuel pressure. A target fuel pressure during early depressurization is calculated on the basis of a target amount of intake air that is a target load of an internal-combustion engine, a target fuel pressure during a normal state is set on the basis of an actual amount of intake air that is an actual load of the internal-combustion engine, and a lower one of the target fuel pressure during early depressurization and the target fuel pressure during a normal state is set as the target fuel pressure.

Abstract: An impact energy absorption structure for a vehicle has a structure in which an impact absorption member is disposed between an outer panel and inner panel. The impact absorption member is formed of ribs in a grid pattern. Specifically, first ribs each having a major surface facing in a front-rear direction are disposed approximately at regular intervals in the front-rear direction. In addition, second ribs each having a major surface facing in a vertical direction are disposed approximately at regular intervals in the vertical direction. The first ribs disposed at ends in the front-rear direction are closer to the outer panel than the first ribs disposed at a middle portion in the front-rear direction.

Abstract: An impact energy absorption structure for a vehicle has a structure in which an impact absorption member is disposed between an outer panel and inner panel. The impact absorption member is formed of ribs in a grid pattern. Specifically, first ribs each having a major surface facing in a front-rear direction are disposed approximately at regular intervals in the front-rear direction. In addition, second ribs each having a major surface facing in a vertical direction are disposed approximately at regular intervals in the vertical direction. The first ribs disposed at ends in the front-rear direction are closer to the outer panel than the first ribs disposed at a middle portion in the front-rear direction.

Abstract: An energy absorbing member is fixed to a vehicle body. A joint has in a state where the longitudinal direction thereof extends along the front-back direction of the vehicle. Proximal and distal ends of the joint are respectively connected to the member and a bumper beam. The joint causes a collision load from the hamper beam to the vehicle body to act upon the member while collapsing in the longitudinal direction. A distal end has an inclined shape such that a distance from the member deceases gradually from the center toward the outside in the width direction of the vehicle. The distal end has a gradual increase region where a width in the height direction of the vehicle increases gradually and a gradual decrease region where the width in the height direction of the vehicle decreases gradually, from the center toward the outside in the width direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: An energy absorbing member is fixed to a vehicle body. A joint has in a state where the longitudinal direction thereof extends along the front-back direction of the vehicle. Proximal and distal ends of the joint are respectively connected to the member and a bumper beam. The joint causes a collision load from the hamper beam to the vehicle body to act upon the member while collapsing in the longitudinal direction. A distal end has an inclined shape such that a distance from the member deceases gradually from the center toward the outside in the width direction of the vehicle. The distal end has a gradual increase region where a width in the height direction of the vehicle increases gradually and a gradual decrease region where the width in the height direction of the vehicle decreases gradually, from the center toward the outside in the width direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: A water-jacket structure, for a water-cooled internal combustion engine, forms a cylinder block water jacket in a cylinder block so as to surround cylinder bores formed in the cylinder block to make cooling water flow through the cylinder block water jacket into a cylinder head water jacket formed in a cylinder head joined to the cylinder block. An upper connecting opening is formed in an upper part of the cylinder block water jacket so as to open into the cylinder head water jacket. In the cylinder block is formed a lower connecting passage opening into a lower part of the cylinder block water jacket, extending upward, and connecting to the cylinder head water jacket.

Abstract: An oil pan is disposed in a lower part of an internal combustion engine and has an oil pan body divided, with respect to a vertical direction, into oil pan elements having bottom walls respectively of different depths. A baffle plate divides the interior of the oil pan body into a plurality of spaces at the boundary of adjacent ones of the bottom walls to regulate the flow of oil between the adjacent ones of spaces. The baffle plate is divided with respect to a vertical direction into a plurality of baffle plate elements. The baffle plate elements are formed integrally with the oil pan elements, respectively. The oil pan for an internal combustion engine can be manufactured by reduced time and reduced labor at a low manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A water-jacket structure, for a water-cooled internal combustion engine, forms a cylinder block water jacket in a cylinder block so as to surround cylinder bores formed in the cylinder block to make cooling water flow through the cylinder block water jacket into a cylinder head water jacket formed in a cylinder head joined to the cylinder block. An upper connecting opening is formed in an upper part of the cylinder block water jacket so as to open into the cylinder head water jacket. In the cylinder block is formed a lower connecting passage opening into a lower part of the cylinder block water jacket, extending upward, and connecting to the cylinder head water jacket.

Abstract: An oil pan is disposed in a lower part of an internal combustion engine and has an oil pan body divided, with respect to a vertical direction, into oil pan elements having bottom walls respectively of different depths. A baffle plate divides the interior of the oil pan body into a plurality of spaces at the boundary of adjacent ones of the bottom walls to regulate the flow of oil between the adjacent ones of spaces. The baffle plate is divided with respect to a vertical direction into a plurality of baffle plate elements. The baffle plate elements are formed integrally with the oil pan elements, respectively. The oil pan for an internal combustion engine can be manufactured by reduced time and reduced labor at a low manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A valve train for an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders having different valve mechanism constructions, in which the valve train has a correcting member for correcting a difference in valve lift amount that is produced between the plurality of cylinders due to a difference in construction between valve mechanisms so as to make valve lift amounts of the plurality of cylinders substantially uniform.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and a cylinder halting mechanism. The cylinder halting mechanism switches between an all-cylinder operation in which all of the plurality of cylinders are operated and a partial-cylinder operation in which at least one of the plurality of cylinders is halted. Operating parameters of the engine and the atmospheric pressure are detected. The cylinder halting mechanism is controlled to perform the all-cylinder operation or the partial-cylinder operation according to the operating parameters of the engine and the detected atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A valve train for an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders having different valve mechanism constructions, characterized in that the valve train has correcting member for correcting a difference in valve lift amount that is produced between the plurality of cylinders due to a difference in construction between valve mechanisms so as to make valve lift amounts of the plurality of cylinders substantially uniform.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and a cylinder halting mechanism. The cylinder halting mechanism switches between an all-cylinder operation in which all of the plurality of cylinders are operated and a partial-cylinder operation in which at least one of the plurality of cylinders is halted. Operating parameters of the engine and the atmospheric pressure are detected. The cylinder halting mechanism is controlled to perform the all-cylinder operation or the partial-cylinder operation according to the operating parameters of the engine and the detected atmospheric pressure.