Abstract: Provided is an encoder capable of achieving high position resolution without being finely divided, and capable of detecting a rotation angle or the like with high sensitivity. The encoder includes: rotary plate having a plurality of reflection structures repeatedly formed and code including light reflector; irradiator that irradiates the plurality of reflection structures with light; and light receiver that receives light reflected by the plurality of reflection structures. Each of the plurality of reflection structures has a surface in a convex shape, and each of the plurality of reflection structures has a width that is an integral multiple of a width of light reflector.

Abstract: A molded hook surface fastener having a base plate and hook engaging elements projecting from a surface of the base plate, both the base plate and the hook engaging elements being formed of a resin mixture containing polybutylene succinate (A), a modified starch having an amylose content of 45% by weight or more (B), and polyvinyl alcohol (C). The resin mixture is further characterized by having both a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, with the polybutylene succinate (A) present in the continuous phase, and the modified starch (B) and polyvinyl alcohol (C) present in the dispersed phase.

Abstract: A communication system includes a master device, a connector, a superordinate trunk cable connecting the master device and the connector, a superordinate slave device connected to the connector, a subordinate slave device, and a subordinate trunk cable connecting the connector and the subordinate slave device. The connector includes a superordinate power line via which power is supplied from the master device, a power branching unit to divide the superordinate power line into a first power line connected to the superordinate slave device and a second power line connected to the subordinate slave device, a superordinate signal line via which communication data between the master device and the superordinate slave device is configured to be transmitted, and a subordinate signal line via which communication data between the superordinate slave device and the subordinate slave device is configured to be transmitted.

Abstract: Provided is a member for optical glass manufacturing apparatus. The member is used for optical glass manufacturing apparatus and exposed to a gas containing a halogen element in a high temperature environment of 1100° C. or higher. The member includes dense ceramics containing silicon nitride as a main component, and a porosity of a surface layer of the member is smaller than a porosity of the inside of the member.