Abstract: A saddle-type vehicle includes a power unit including a multistage transmission having a plurality of gear positions, a transmission actuating mechanism for changing the gear positions, a shift spindle as an input shaft of the transmission actuating mechanism, a crankcase housing therein the multistage transmission and the transmission actuating mechanism, and a crankcase cover covering a side portion of the crankcase. The shift spindle is disposed in the periphery of the crankcase cover and is coupled to a shift actuator mounted on the crankcase cover by a joint rod. Such saddle-type vehicle having a power unit with a shift spindle movable by a shift actuator, in which the shift spindle and the shift actuator are combined with each other in a small-size layout with a joint rod joining the shift spindle and the shift actuator to each other, allows the joint rod to be installed in position with ease.

Abstract: A turning control device includes a first processor, a second processor, a third processor, and a fourth processor. The first processor calculates a torque command value based on a difference between a target pinion angle and a pinion angle. The second processor calculates a compensation value compensating resistance of a turning mechanism based on a difference between a target pinion angular velocity and a pinion angular velocity. The third processor limits a variation range of the torque command value based on a limit value of the torque command value and limits a variation range of the compensation value based on a limit value of the compensation value. The fourth processor calculates a turning torque command value by subtracting the compensation value from the torque command value. The third processor changes the limit values based on a traveling state of a vehicle.

Abstract: The A/D converter converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal is constructed with a band pass ?? modulator. The band pass ?? modulator includes: a resonator showing a band-pass characteristic at a predetermined frequency and an attenuation characteristic at another frequency; a quantizer; and a local D/A converter. A signal of difference between the analog input signal and a local analog signal of the local D/A converter is supplied to the resonator. The A/D converter further includes an adder for supplying the analog input signal to an input of the quantizer. In addition, signal transmission circuits for reducing the influence of spike noise of the quantizer on the input to the resonator are connected between an input of the adder and an input of resonator selectively. The A/D converter constructed with the band pass ?? modulator is improved in S/N ratio.

Abstract: The A/D converter converting an analog input signal into a digital output signal is constructed with a band pass ?? modulator. The band pass ?? modulator includes: a resonator showing a band-pass characteristic at a predetermined frequency and an attenuation characteristic at another frequency; a quantizer; and a local D/A converter. A signal of difference between the analog input signal and a local analog signal of the local D/A converter is supplied to the resonator. The A/D converter further includes an adder for supplying the analog input signal to an input of the quantizer. In addition, signal transmission circuits for reducing the influence of spike noise of the quantizer on the input to the resonator are connected between an input of the adder and an input of resonator selectively. The A/D converter constructed with the band pass ?? modulator is improved in S/N ratio.