Abstract: A vehicle drive system configured to achieve a required driving force of braking force without changing an orientation of a vehicle in the event of slippage of a wheel. The vehicle drive system comprises: a torque generating device; a differential mechanism that allows a relative rotation between a right wheel and a left wheel; a differential restricting device that restricts a differential rotation between the right wheel and the left wheel; and a steering mechanism that controls a turning angle of pairs of the wheels. A first controller controls the relative rotation between the right wheel and the left wheel to be smaller than a predetermined value and second controller further controls a turning angle of the wheels controlled by the steering mechanism.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus executes a yaw moment control to control a yaw rate of a vehicle to a target yaw rate by adjusting braking or driving forces applied to wheels of the vehicle and a speed difference control to control front and rear wheel speed differences within predetermined ranges by adjusting the braking or driving forces. The vehicle control apparatus executes the yaw moment control to the front wheels when the front wheel speed difference is within the predetermined range and executes the speed difference control to the front wheels when the front wheel speed difference is not within the predetermined range. The vehicle control apparatus executes the yaw moment control to the rear wheels when the rear wheel speed difference is within the predetermined range and executes the speed difference control to the rear wheels when the rear wheel speed difference is not within the predetermined range.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus executes a wheel speed change control to control speeds of first road wheels and a second road wheel to a lower limit wheel speed or more when braking forces are applied to the first and second road wheels, and at least one of the speeds of the first and second road wheels becomes lower than the lower limit wheel speed. A vehicle speed change control executes a first increase-decrease control which alternately executes a first increase control to increase braking forces applied to the first road wheels together and a first decrease control to decrease the braking forces applied to the first road wheels together and (ii) a second increase-decrease control which increases and decreases the braking force applied to the second road wheel.

Abstract: A driving force control system for a vehicle configured to eliminate slippage of a wheel without changing a driving torque or a braking torque abruptly. The driving force control system comprises a drive unit and a controller. The drive unit includes a differential mechanism connected to a right wheel and a left wheel to distribute torque of a torque generating device, and a differential restricting device that restricts a differential rotation between the right wheel and the left wheel. The controller restricts a differential rotation between the right wheel and the left wheel less than a predetermined value by the differential mechanism. If a slip ratio of one of the wheels smaller than that of the other wheels is greater than an acceptable value, the controller executes a slip-eliminating control.

Abstract: A vehicle drive system configured to achieve a required driving force of braking force without changing an orientation of a vehicle in the event of slippage of a wheel. The vehicle drive system comprises: a torque generating device; a differential mechanism that allows a relative rotation between a right wheel and a left wheel; a differential restricting device that restricts a differential rotation between the right wheel and the left wheel; and a steering mechanism that controls a turning angle of pairs of the wheels. A first controller controls the relative rotation between the right wheel and the left wheel to be smaller than a predetermined value and second controller further controls a turning angle of the wheels controlled by the steering mechanism.

Abstract: A driving force control system for a vehicle configured to eliminate slippage of a wheel without changing a driving torque or a braking torque abruptly. The driving force control system comprises a drive unit and a controller. The drive unit includes a differential mechanism connected to a right wheel and a left wheel to distribute torque of a torque generating device, and a differential restricting device that restricts a differential rotation between the right wheel and the left wheel. The controller restricts a differential rotation between the right wheel and the left wheel less than a predetermined value by the differential mechanism. If a slip ratio of one of the wheels smaller than that of the other wheels is greater than an acceptable value, the controller executes a slip-eliminating control.

Abstract: A high voltage output solar cell which is small in size and high in power generation efficiency is provided. The solar cell is provided with a p-type or n-type monocrystalline semiconductor substrate (1) forming a power generation layer, a plurality of hole collecting layers (2), electron collecting layers (3), and grooves (7) provided inside of the semiconductor substrate (1) contiguous to a back surface which faces a light receiving surface of the semiconductor substrate (1), hole collecting layers (2) and electron collecting layers (3) being provided between adjoining grooves (7) and hole collecting layers (2) and electron collecting layers (3) being provided sandwiching grooves (7), and interconnect layers (8) which connect hole collecting layers (2) and electron collecting layers (3) sandwiching grooves (7), the grooves (7) being formed from the back surface side toward the inside of semiconductor substrate (1).