Abstract: A polishing liquid for CMP, the polishing liquid containing abrasive grains, a nitrogen-containing compound, and water, in which the abrasive grains include cerium-based particles, and the nitrogen-containing compound includes a compound A1 having a fused ring (a fused ring having an aromatic five-membered ring with one nitrogen atom), a compound A2 having a quinoline ring and one hydroxy group bonded to the quinoline ring, a compound A3 having an aromatic ring and a hydroxy group bonded to a nitrogen atom, or a compound A4 having a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring to which at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group is bonded.

Abstract: An evaluation apparatus, an evaluation method, and an evaluation program applicable to a quality evaluation of sintered bodies are provided. The evaluation apparatus includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a cross-sectional image obtained by photographing a cross-section of a sintered body group stained with a staining solution; a generation unit configured to extract a saturation component for each of sintered bodies from the cross-sectional image, thereby to generate a saturation component image; and a visualization unit configured to visualize the saturation component image.

Abstract: An evaluation apparatus, an evaluation method, and an evaluation program applicable to a quality evaluation of sintered bodies are provided. The evaluation apparatus includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a cross-sectional image obtained by photographing a cross-section of a sintered body group stained with a staining solution; a generation unit configured to extract a saturation component for each of sintered bodies from the cross-sectional image, thereby to generate a saturation component image; and a visualization unit configured to visualize the saturation component image.

Abstract: An oxygen reduction catalyst which includes composite particles including a portion including an inorganic metal compound and a portion containing carbon. The composite particles include a metal element M1, carbon, and oxygen as constituent elements; the amount of carbon atoms is 1 to 10 mol, and the amount of oxygen atoms is 1 to 3 mol, assuming that the total amount of atoms in the metal element M1 is 1 mol; a G-band and a D-band are present in a Raman spectrum, and a V/G ratio defined in an expression described below is 0.10 to 0.35: V/G ratio=(minimum value of spectral intensity in region V which is a region between G-band and D-band)/(peak intensity in G-band).

Abstract: An oxygen reduction catalyst which includes composite particles including a portion including an inorganic metal compound and a portion containing carbon. The composite particles include a metal element M1, carbon, and oxygen as constituent elements; the amount of carbon atoms is 1 to 10 mol, and the amount of oxygen atoms is 1 to 3 mol, assuming that the total amount of atoms in the metal element M1 is 1 mol; a G-band and a D-band are present in a Raman spectrum, and a V/G ratio defined in an expression described below is 0.10 to 0.35: V/G ratio=(minimum value of spectral intensity in region V which is a region between G-band and D-band)/(peak intensity in G-band).