Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposing each other, and a side surface between the first and second surfaces, and including a device region on the first surface a wiring structure on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and having a dielectric layer and a metal wiring in the dielectric layer and electrically connected to the device region, and an insulating material layer on a side surface of the wiring structure and having a side surface connected to the side surface of the semiconductor substrate. The side surface of the insulating material layer has a first wave-shaped pattern in which concave-convex portions are repeated in a direction of the wiring structure that is perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate, and the side surface of the semiconductor substrate has a second wave-shaped pattern in which concave-convex portions are repeated in the direction.

Abstract: An electro-osmotic pump according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a membrane that allows fluid movement; and a first electrode and a second electrode respectively provided on both sides of the membrane. The first electrode and the second electrode are formed of an impermeable substrate material and an electrode material coated thereon and have at least one fluid pathway. The impermeable substrate material is a plate-shaped substrate including at least one of a conducting material, a semiconducing material and a non-conducting material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic black hair powder spray. Particularly, when a cartridge for storing black hair powder is mounted inside a housing in a closed state, the cartridge is pierced such that an external air flows therein and the black hair powder can be discharged together with the inflowing external air and, at this point, a path forming frame, which allows the external air to flow in from the upper part of a cartridge body so as to be guided toward the lower part of the cartridge body, is provided inside the cartridge so as to uniformly disperse all of the black hair powder without the black hair powder accumulating on the inner bottom surface of the cartridge, such that the black hair powder can be discharged in a state in which the black hair powder is uniformly dispersed into the air.