Abstract: An electro-osmotic pump according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a membrane that allows fluid movement; and a first electrode and a second electrode respectively provided on both sides of the membrane. The first electrode and the second electrode are formed of an impermeable substrate material and an electrode material coated thereon and have at least one fluid pathway. The impermeable substrate material is a plate-shaped substrate including at least one of a conducting material, a semiconducing material and a non-conducting material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic black hair powder spray. Particularly, when a cartridge for storing black hair powder is mounted inside a housing in a closed state, the cartridge is pierced such that an external air flows therein and the black hair powder can be discharged together with the inflowing external air and, at this point, a path forming frame, which allows the external air to flow in from the upper part of a cartridge body so as to be guided toward the lower part of the cartridge body, is provided inside the cartridge so as to uniformly disperse all of the black hair powder without the black hair powder accumulating on the inner bottom surface of the cartridge, such that the black hair powder can be discharged in a state in which the black hair powder is uniformly dispersed into the air.