Abstract: Provided is a method of preventing drunk driving of a driver who rides in a vehicle. The method includes sensing actions of the driver, determining whether a sobriety test of the driver is possible based on a sensed result, obtaining information on whether the driver is intoxicated when it is determined that the sobriety test of the driver is possible, and controlling the vehicle based on the information, in which the sensing of the actions includes sensing whether the driver sits in a driver's seat of the vehicle, sensing whether the driver closes all doors of the vehicle, sensing whether the driver fastens a seat belt in the driver's seat of the vehicle, sensing whether the driver steps on a brake of the vehicle, and sensing whether the driver grips a steering wheel of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a colorimetric sensor is provided. The method includes a step of obtaining metalloporphyrin, a step of synthesizing the metalloporphyrin into a metal-organic framework, a step of adsorbing the metal-organic framework onto a dye catcher sheet, and a step of drying the dye catcher sheet. According to the method, based on a good color change reactivity of metalloporphyrin and a structural feature (a wide surface area based on an internal empty space) of a metal-organic framework synthesized from the metalloporphyrin, a colorimetric sensor including the metal-organic framework may provide a good color change reactivity on a gas of a low concentration.

Abstract: A thin film formation apparatus includes a chamber, a platen disposed within the chamber, a heater configured to heat the platen within the chamber, a gas inlet communicating with an interior of the chamber and configured to supply a reducing gas and inert gas to the interior of the chamber, a target disposed within the chamber and spatially separated from the platen, and a microwave plasma source disposed adjacent to the target. The reducing gas includes at least one of hydrogen (H2) and deuterium (D2).

Abstract: A thin film formation apparatus includes a chamber, a platen disposed within the chamber, a heater configured to heat the platen within the chamber, a gas inlet communicating with an interior of the chamber and configured to supply a reducing gas and inert gas to the interior of the chamber, a target disposed within the chamber and spatially separated from the platen, and a microwave plasma source disposed adjacent to the target.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and apparatus for forming a thin layer. The method for forming the thin layer comprises providing a substrate including patterns, forming a bonding layer on the substrate covering an inner surface of a gap between the patterns, forming a preliminary layer on the bonding layer filling the gap; and thermally treating the preliminary layer to form the thin layer. The bonding layer is a self-assembled monomer layer formed using an organosilane monomer. The preliminary layer is formed from a flowable composition comprising polysilane.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and apparatus for forming a thin layer. The method for forming the thin layer comprises providing a substrate including patterns, forming a bonding layer on the substrate covering an inner surface of a gap between the patterns, forming a preliminary layer on the bonding layer filling the gap; and thermally treating the preliminary layer to form the thin layer. The bonding layer is a self-assembled monomer layer formed using an organosilane monomer. The preliminary layer is formed from a flowable composition comprising polysilane.

Abstract: Provided are a photonics chip and an optical apparatus including the same. The chip may include a substrate, an optical waveguide, an optical coupler, and a plurality of alignment units. The optical waveguide is formed on the substrate. The optical coupler is formed at the optical waveguide. The alignment units align an optical connector which fixes at least one optical fiber coupled to the optical coupler, on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a photonics chip and an optical apparatus including the same. The chip may include a substrate, an optical waveguide, an optical coupler, and a plurality of alignment units. The optical waveguide is formed on the substrate. The optical coupler is formed at the optical waveguide. The alignment units align an optical connector which fixes at least one optical fiber coupled to the optical coupler, on the substrate.