Abstract: An electromagnetic flowmeter designed to use a smaller excitation device and applicable to measurement on tubular channels of various sectional shapes. The electromagnetic flowmeter includes an excitation device for forming a magnetic field perpendicular to an outer wall of a tubular channel, and a pair of electrodes for measuring an electromotive force generated by the movement of the electroconductive fluid across the magnetic field. The electrodes and two magnetic poles of the excitation device are collectively placed on the outer wall at one side of the tubular channel.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic flowmeter designed to use a smaller excitation device and applicable to measurement on tubular channels of various sectional shapes. The electromagnetic flowmeter 10 includes an excitation device 11 for forming a magnetic field perpendicular to an outer wall 11b of a tubular channel 1, and a pair of electrodes 2a and 2b for measuring an electromotive force generated by the movement of the electroconductive fluid across the magnetic field. The electrodes 2a and 2b and two magnetic poles of the excitation device 11 are collectively placed on the outer wall 1b at one side of the tubular channel 1.

Abstract: A crawler driven vehicle is utilized in a dangerous environment and remotely controlled and operated. The crawler vehicle comprises a vehicle body, four arcuate front and rear crawler assemblies respectively attached to the bilateral sides of the vehicle body, each crawler assembly comprises a crawler formed by an endless belt and stretched over the periphery of the crawler assembly so as to exhibit arcuate surface contacting the running floor, a drive mechanism for driving the crawler assembly through a power transmission mechanism, and a steering mechanism for steering the front crawler assemblies.

Abstract: A soldering apparatus has a base, and a solder tank and a nozzle arranged in tandem with the base. A partition plate is arranged in the solder tank. The partition plate, a bottom plate disposed at the bottom of the solder tank, and a lower plate covering the bottom of the solder tank define a channel communicating with a portion of the solder tank remote form the nozzle and the interior of the nozzle. A moving magnetic field generating mechanism for exerting a force toward the nozzle to a solder in the channel is arranged in the base to extend along the channel under the partition wall. That portion of the solder tank at the side of the nozzle constitutes a wide portion of the same width as that of the nozzle while the remaining portion of the solder tank constitutes a narrow portion.