Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous microemulsion, comprising a) one or more liquid carboxylic acid esters, b) one or more water-soluble salts having one or more cations, preferably selected from the group comprising sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and ammonium, c) one or more salts of sulphosuccinic acid ester, d) one or more nonionic surfactants selected from alkoxylated sorbitan ester and alkoxylated vegetable oil, and e) one or more boosters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous microemulsion, comprising a) one or more liquid carboxylic acid esters, b) one or more water-soluble salts having one or more cations, preferably selected from the group comprising sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and ammonium, c) one or more salts of sulphosuccinic acid ester, d) one or more nonionic surfactants selected from alkoxylated sorbitan ester and alkoxylated vegetable oil, and e) one or more boosters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the efficiency of surfactants with the simultaneous suppression of lamellar mesophases, in particular in micro-emulsions and emulsions and to surfactants, which are mixed with an additive. According to the invention, to improve the efficiency of the surfactants, a block copolymer of type AB, ABA or BAB is added to latter, said polymer comprising a water-soluble block A and an oil-soluble block B, which is a polyalkylene oxide, whose monomer units contain at least 4 carbon atoms. Said block copolymers also prevent lamellar mesophases, stabilise the temperature of the one-phase ranges for oil, water or surfactant mixtures, enlarge the structural quantity and reduce the interfacial tension of said mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for increasing the efficiency of surfactants as well as to a method for suppressing lamellar mesophases in microemulsions. According to the invention, block copolymers having a water-soluble block A and a water-insoluble part B are admixed to the surfactants. The use of these substances as additives can considerably increase the efficiency of the surfactants. Moreover, the addition of the block copolymers suppresses the formation of undesired lamellar mesophases in microemulsions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for increasing the efficiency of surfactants as well as to a method for suppressing lamellar mesophases in microemulsions. According to the invention, block copolymers having a water-soluble block A and a water-insoluble part B are admixed to the surfactants. The use of these substances as additives can considerably increase the efficiency of the surfactants. Moreover, the addition of the block copolymers suppresses the formation of undesired lamellar mesophases in microemulsions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for increasing the efficiency of surfactants and to a method for suppressing lamellar mesophases in microemulsions. Additive block co-polymers with a water-soluble block A and a water-insoluble part B are added to the surfactants. The efficiency of surfactants can be in-creased to a substantial extent by using said compounds as additives. The formation of undesirable lamellar mesophases in microemulsions is suppressed by adding said block co-polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydrophobic-hydrophilic AB block copolymers wherein block A consists of the monomer unit a, which is conjugated diene, and block B consists of the monomer unit b, which is epoxide, and the invention also relates to the AB block copolymer synthesized by the preparation process, as well as to micellar systems made from the AB block copolymer. According to the invention, the AB block copolymer is synthesized in two steps, whereby the first step is the preparation of block A in a nonpolar solvent and the second step is the preparation of block B in a polar solvent.

Abstract: A radio timepiece is disclosed which receives and decodes a time information signal from a remote transmitter and displays a time information. The timepiece includes a manual time zone switching circuitry deigned to permit use of the timepiece in time zones adjacent to the one in which the transmitter is located, while providing a user-friendly selection and display of the time information. The timepiece includes an electro-optical display providing a cartographical representation of the transmitter time zone and several adjacent time zones. A summing register is provided to manually offset the received time information and actuate a graphic display indicative of the time zone to which the offset time display corresponds. The summing register may be cyclically incremented by a single switch, or incremented, decremented or zeroed by appropriate actuation of two switches.

Abstract: A radio-controlled timepiece contains a mechanism for the detection and correction of a hands setting. The mechanism includes a sender and a receiver for sending and receiving, respectively, a radiation beam. A hands setting mechanism includes an hour wheel, a minute wheel, and a seconds wheel, each possessing an aperture therethrough. The hour wheel has a front mirror located proximate the beam sender for reflecting a beam to the receiver. The front mirror has an interruption defined by the aperture of the hour disk in order to pass the beam through that aperture to a rear mirror disposed remote from the sender, such that a beam reflects from the rear mirror only after passing through aligned apertures in the disks. The hour wheel is movable independently of the minute wheel and seconds wheel, and the minute wheel and seconds wheel are rotatably interconnected.

Abstract: An autonomous radio timepiece having a time equalizing processor to control and potentially correct the instantaneous time indication on the basis of the prevailing time information received by radio transmission, is equipped with an improved device for temporarily interrupting operation of the time indication. Such a device is provided for the purpose of interrupting the display function of the radio timepiece without deactivating the other auxiliary and operating functions of the radio timepiece, so that following termination of the interruption, normal operation continues without any interference. The display may be interrupted indirectly or directly. In the first case the reset inlet of the time equalizing processor is actuated to trigger the synchronizing process, which otherwise takes place upon the actuation of the radio timepiece.

Abstract: A radio controlled timepiece includes a radio receiver for demodulating a transmitted signal on which time and date information has been encoded. A pulse sequence is derived from the transmitted radio signal which is used to drive the stepping motor which advances the hands of a standard display timepiece. If unfavorable reception conditions exist, then the stepping motor will not be driven smoothly and the poor reception will be readily apparent from the irregular movement of the clock hand. A switch is provided to allow the stepping motor to be normally driven by a pulse sequence output of a standard time keeping circuit. A comparator compares the time displayed on the face of the timepiece with the time information encoded on the radio signal and, if the displayed time deviates from the actual time, the frequency of the pulse sequence from the time keeping circuit is adjusted to correct the displayed time.

Abstract: A timepiece receives an externally transmitted radio signal corresponding to an accurate time of day. Disposed within the timepiece is a detecting mechanism for detecting the time of day being displayed by the timepiece. The signals are compared to determine the accuracy of the timepiece. The detection mechanism comprises an optoelectrical system which includes an emitter for directing a beam of radiation toward the sensor. The wheels of the gearworks intersect the beam ahead of the sensor to normally block the beam from the sensor. The wheels include orifices which, when aligned with the beam, permit the beam to reach the sensor, thereby providing an indication of the position of the wheels, and thus of the time being displayed.

Abstract: A time-controlled tone signal is produced by electronic clock circuitry for a clock having chimes and/or an alarm system. In order to provide fully electronic storage and release of tone signal sequences, their data, such as tone frequencies and tone lengths, are stored in digital form in a memory circuit. The data is recalled from the memory with regard to time and is transformed by means of an electro-acoustic transducer into the desired sequence of tone signals.