Abstract: Apparatus for preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of a stream containing hydrocarbons having at least 4 carbon atoms per molecule, which includes a reactor with reaction tubes into which a solid-state catalyst over which the exothermic reaction of the stream with an oxygen-comprising gas stream takes place is introduced and one or more pumps and heat exchangers located outside the reactor and through which a heat transfer medium formed by a salt melt flows through the intermediate space in the reactor between the reaction tubes and takes up the heat of reaction, with the temperature of the melt being in the range from 350 to 480° C. The reaction tubes are made of a heat-resistant alloy steel which includes at least 0.5% by weight of chromium or at least 0.25% by weight of molybdenum or both.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of a feed stream comprising hydrocarbons having at least 4 carbon atoms per molecule, which comprises a reactor having a bundle of reaction tubes into which a solid-state catalyst over which the exothermic reaction of the feed stream with an oxygen-comprising gas stream takes place has been introduced and also one or more. pumps and one or more heat exchangers which are located outside the reactor and through which a heat transfer medium formed by a salt melt flows through the intermediate space in the reactor between the reaction tubes and takes up the heat of reaction, with the temperature of the salt melt being in the range from 350 to 480° C., wherein the reaction tubes are made of a heat-resistant alloy steel which comprises either at least 0.5% by weight of chromium or at least 0.25% by weight of molybdenum or at least 0.5% by weight of chromium and at least 0.25% by weight of molybdenum, is proposed.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a composite material which consists, on its side in contact with the reaction chamber, of a steel B with specific elemental composition which, on its side facing away from the reaction chamber, either directly or via an intermediate layer of copper, or of nickel, or of copper and nickel, is plated onto a steel A with specific elemental composition, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a steel with specific elemental composition on its side in contact with the reaction gas, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: In a toroidal transmission with a continuously variable power transmission ratio, which is adjustable by displacement of a power transmission roller arranged between toric disks along an axis X-X under the control of an adjusting unit including a hydraulic piston, the adjusting unit has a bush which serves on the one hand to seal off the working space and, at the same time, forms two slide surfaces one for the piston and another for the guide bush, all in a small support space pivotally supporting a support member for the power transmission roller.

Abstract: In a toroidal transmission, wherein power transmission rollers are supported rotatably on pivotable support brackets, the pivot movement of adjacent support brackets is coupled via driver elements which are mounted to the support brackets for pivoting therewith and are arranged axially adjacent to one another and formed by a single component.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a composite material which consists, on its side in contact with the reaction chamber, of a steel B with specific elemental composition which, on its side facing away from the reaction chamber, either directly or via an intermediate layer of copper, or of nickel, or of copper and nickel, is plated onto a steel A with specific elemental composition, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a steel with specific elemental composition on its side in contact with the reaction gas, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: An apparatus for making polyamides oligomers thereof mixtures thereof, the apparatus comprising a material selected from the group consisting of a) an austenitic steel comprising from 15 to 25% by weight of chromium, from 3 to 35% by weight of nickel and from 0 to 10% by weight of molybdenum, and iron, b) a duplex steel comprising from 20 to 30% by weight of chromium, from 3 to 10% by weight of nickel and from 0 to 5% by weight of molybdenum, and iron, and c) a nickel-based alloy comprising from 12 to 25% by weight of chromium and from 12 to 20% by weight of molybdenum, and nickel

Abstract: In a toroidal transmission, wherein power transmission rollers are supported rotatably on pivotable support brackets, the pivot movement of adjacent support brackets is coupled via driver elements which are mounted to the support brackets for pivoting therewith and are arranged axially adjacent to one another and formed by a single component.

Abstract: In a toroidal transmission with a continuously variable power transmission ratio, which is adjustable by displacement of a power transmission roller arranged between toric disks along an axis X-X under the control of an adjusting unit including a hydraulic piston, the adjusting unit has a bush which serves on the one hand to seal off the working space and, at the same time, forms two slide surfaces one for the piston and another for the guide bush, all in a small support space pivotally supporting a support member for the power transmission roller.

Abstract: A process for the thermal treatment of carbon-containing substances, in particular of sludges which, after mechanical indirect pre-drying, are subjected to direct drying by means of drying gas is disclosed. Object of the invention is to simplify the elimination of the noxious matter contained in the sewage sludge, to allow for energy recovery, and to improve the efficiency of the entire process. The problem is solved by the fact that the drying gas used for direct sludge drying is recovered by partial oxidation of the sludge subjected to direct drying.

Abstract: Referring to process and equipment for the indirect drying of sludge, especially for the drying of wastewater sludge, which may undergo previous mechanical dehydration and/or preheating, it is intended to provide a method that permits utilizing low-value energy for drying purposes while avoiding environmental nuisance. With reference to the process, the problem is solved by drying the sludge under vacuum which is produced by withdrawing the water vapor by means of an injection condenser, the equipment provided for solving the problem comprising a barometric condensor associated with a mechanical sludge dehydrator and at least one sludge drier for indirect drying with an hermetically closed sludge space, the gas dome of the sludge space being connected to the injection condenser through a line for withdrawal of the water vapor.

Abstract: A method for generation of cavitation within a flowing liquid, wherein expenditure for equipment for purposeful generation of cavitation and control of the cavitated liquid portion can be achieved by passing the liquid from a high-level reservoir through a downwardly flowing path which includes an outlet nozzle, at least one pipe bend connected to the outlet nozzle and a drop-pipe with a control valve in the vicinity of the lower end of the drop pipe.

Abstract: It is intended to simplify and make easier cavitation treatment in a process and equipment for treatment of liquid/solids mixtures, in particular for conditioning of suspended solids by means of cavitation. In the process, this is achieved by means of the fact that the material mixture to be treated is withdrawn from a high-level reservoir, passed through at least one pipe bend and then to a drop-pipe in such a way that a cavitation zone forms in the flow at least in areas upstream, within and downstream of the pipe bend and in terms of equipment by means of the fact that the equipment consists of a high-level reservoir (1), an outlet nozzle (2) preferably in a horizontal position, at least one pipe bend (3) connected to the outlet nozzle (2), and a drop-pipe (4) and a control valve (5) in the vicinity of the end of the drop-pipe.