Abstract: Arcing is minimized in a discharge chamber of a gas laser system by utilizing an electrode which comprises a surface portion capable of functioning as one of an anode and a cathode in order to energize a gas mixture in a discharge chamber of the gas discharge laser system, a shoulder portion being positioned on either side of the surface portion and being exposed to the gas mixture, and a coating layer made of electrically insulating material, wherein the coating layer is attached to the shoulder portion by a cold spraying method.

Abstract: A pedal system that has a force resetting device essentially including a pedal lever with a pedal return spring that can bring the pedal lever into the neutral position (PN), an electric motor that can be swiveled about a pivot (M) and can, in the energized state, apply a resetting force (F) to the pedal lever in the direction of the neutral position (PN) of the pedal lever, a motor return spring for resetting the electric motor in the direction of the neutral position (MN) of the electric motor, and a control unit for controlling the electric motor. The electric motor includes a rotor and a stator which is arranged on the shaft of the electric motor, between the rotor and the drive disk.

Abstract: A method for regulating motor vehicle speed by a pedal system having a force resetting device, including a pedal lever with a pedal return spring which can move the pedal lever to its zero position, an electric motor pivotable about a center of rotation which, when energized, can apply a resetting force to the pedal lever in the zero position direction, a motor return spring resets the electric motor in the zero position direction of the electric motor, and a control unit for controlling the electric motor. When the electric motor is de-energized, the pedal return spring, the motor return spring and a hysteresis element generate a passive pedal characteristic curve (PPCC). The PPCC can be changed by energizing the electric motor, and is variable additively at maximum with the available torque of the electric motor and substractively in the region of the spring constant of the motor return spring.

Abstract: Arcing is minimized in a discharge chamber of a gas laser system by utilizing an electrode which comprises a surface portion capable of functioning as one of an anode and a cathode in order to energize a gas mixture in a discharge chamber of the gas discharge laser system, a shoulder portion being positioned on either side of the surface portion and being exposed to the gas mixture, and a coating layer made of electrically insulating material, wherein the coating layer is attached to the shoulder portion by a cold spraying method.

Abstract: Arcing is minimized in a discharge chamber of a gas laser system by utilizing an electrode which comprises a surface portion capable of functioning as one of an anode and a cathode in order to energize a gas mixture in a discharge chamber of the gas discharge laser system, a shoulder portion being positioned on either side of the surface portion and being exposed to the gas mixture, and a coating layer made of electrically insulating material, wherein the coating layer is attached to the shoulder portion by a cold spraying method.

Abstract: Arcing is minimized in a discharge chamber of a gas laser system by utilizing an electrode which comprises a surface portion capable of functioning as one of an anode and a cathode in order to energize a gas mixture in a discharge chamber of the gas discharge laser system, a shoulder portion being positioned on either side of the surface portion and being exposed to the gas mixture, and a coating layer made of electrically insulating material, wherein the coating layer is attached to the shoulder portion by a cold spraying method.

Abstract: A beam shutter apparatus designed to handle high powered UV radiation is disclosed. The shutter includes a high reflectivity mirror mounted on a plate which can be rotated between a first position where the beam is reflected and redirected to a tool such as a beam dump and a second position where the beam is free to pass out of the laser, where the beam is free to pass out of the laser The shutter includes a support base with an angled upper surface upon which the mirror plate rests when in the second position. The support base has a beam path channel designed so that a beam can pass through the support base and out of the shutter when the mirrored plate is in the first position. The mirrored plate is rotated by a linkage, which is driven by an electrically powered actuator on a rotational magnet. The support base is machined out of a monolithic piece of metal allowing very high precision without the need for cumbersome alignment procedures.

Abstract: An electrode for pulsed gas lasers consisting substantially of tungsten and copper has a long life. With such an electrode contaminations of the laser gas and of the windows are largely obviated, even in long-time operation. An electrode suitable also for fluoride-containing laser gases consists essentially of an alloy containing copper, aluminium and nickel.

Abstract: To prevent uneven rotary speeds of the inner rotor of a nested triple-rotor centrifuge in which a separating container is located in an inner rotor and connected by means of soft-elastic integral connecting tubes with the outside of the centrifuge, and without slip joints, and wherein the three nested, coaxially positioned rotors are independently rotatable with respect to each other, a positive synchronizing drive connection (25, 33) is established between the outer rotor (4) and the drive connection (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32) of the inner rotor (6); the centrifuge is particularly suitable for centrifuging blood during or immediately following blood donation to permit separation of blood plasma and return of erythrocytes to the donor.

Abstract: To provide for resilient hanging and outwardly swinging support of sample holder cups to be placed on the rotor of a centrifuge, a ring-shaped element is located axially offset from the holding portion for the cups of the rotor, the ring-shaped element having axially extending bores formed therein into which rod or strip spring elements are inserted, extending essentially axially along the rotor axis and then being bent over laterally outwardly and terminating in an L or P-shaped hook end so that the sample holder cups can be hooked therein for outward swinging movement. Preferably, the rotor and the sample holder cups are formed with interengaging abutments to limit outward movement of the cups during operation. The rotor itself is preferably formed with a groove to receive the horizontally extending portion of the spring elements. Additional restraining means can be provided to restrain undue deflection of the spring elements during rotor operation.