Abstract: An electrical switching circuit for operating a bus of a field bus system senses a fault current based on a first current of a first bus line and a second current of a second bus line.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric switching circuit for operating a bus of a field bus system comprising means for sensing a fault current. Said means comprise first means for determining a first current of a first bus line, second means for determining a second current of a second bus line and means for detecting a fault based on the first current and the second current.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for marker-free DNA expression cassette exchange in the genome of cells or parts of cells by using the FLP recombinase mediated cassette exchange. A first DNA expression cassette carrying a positive-negative selection marker flanked by two FLP recombinase recognition target (FRT) sites is integrated into a chromosomal locus of the genome. Following selection of cell clones surviving the conditions for positive selection, the first DNA cassette is exchanged by an incoming second DNA expression cassette located on a circular vector and carrying a transgene flanked by the same FRT sites as the first DNA cassette by using FLP-recombinase. The cell clones surviving the conditions for negative selection contain specifically inserted the gene of the incoming DNA cassette without inserted unwanted vector sequences or positive selectable markers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stably episomally replicating vectors, comprising at least one scaffold/matrix attached region (S/MAR) which binds to nuclear matrix proteins that contain a SAF-A consensus sequence, at least one viral or eukaryotic origin of replication (ORI), at least one transcription unit transcribed in direction towards the S/MAR, and a polyadonylation signal within the S/MAR or in transriptional direction after the S/MAR, cells comprising these, processes for their preparation, and their use, in particular as a medicament or diagnostic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stably episomally replicating vectors, comprising at least one scaffold/matrix attached region (S/MAR) and at least one viral or eukaryotic origin of replication (ORI), cells comprising these, processes for their preparation, and their use, in particular as a medicament or diagnostic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for marker-free repetitive DNA expression cassette exchange in the genome of cells or parts of cells by using the FLP recombinase mediated cassette exchange. In a first step a first DNA expression cassette carrying a positive-negative selection marker flanked by a wild type FLP recombinase recognition target (FRT) site on one end and a modified heterospecific FRT on the other end is integrated into a chromosomal locus of the genome for tagging. Following selection of cell clones surviving the conditions for positive selection said first DNA cassette as a second step is exchanged by an incoming second DNA expression cassette located on a circular vector and carrying a homologous or heterologous gene (transgene) of any coding sequence flanked by the same FRT sites as the first DNA cassette by using FLP-recombinase.

Abstract: A current regulator for an inductive load especially for a coil of an electromagnetic solenoid valve. The current flow through the coil is regulated and compared by means of an operational amplifying nominal current value. The inductive load comparator is initially controlled by a first conductive diode. A second diode having a higher voltage rating than that of the first diode is rendered conductive whenever the nominal current value in an inductive coil decreases rapidly. The current regulator ensures that the magnetic energy in the inductive load remains unchanged when the nominal current value remains constant or changes in small amounts. When a rapid decrease of the coil current occurs, the second diode is rendered conductive.

Abstract: A rotating drive mechanism for swinging doors, especially on vehicles, with a helical transmission consisting of a stator that is rigidly connected to the housing of the rotating drive mechanism, a rotor that can rotate but cannot move axially and that is rigidly connected to the driveshaft, a coupling component that moves axially to rotate the rotor in relation to the stator, and a pneumatic or hydraulic drive cylinder with a piston rod that is connected to the coupling component. The drive cylinder is an annular cylinder that has an outer and an inner jacket as well as an annular piston between the inner and the outer jacket. The coupling component is a nut that extends into the inner cylinder jacket and surrounds a rotor in the form of a threaded spindle. The rotor extends coaxially through the inside of the inner jacket and is, where it emerges from the housing, in one piece with the stub of the takeoff shaft.

Abstract: A rotating drive mechanism for operating the wing of a swinging door, especially of a vehicle. The wing is articulated by pivoting arms to a rotating post, which it rotates along with. When the door is closed, the wing can be raised by axial displacement of the post into a locked position, where locking components on the stationary door frame and on the wing of the door engage each other. The post is driven by a strictly linear mechanism that is controlled by pressure medium and its linear motion is converted into a rotation by a helical transmission.