Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for estimating a torque of an electric machine, comprising the following steps: estimating a first torque using a first method by forming a cross product from an estimated magnetic flux of the electric machine and an actual current of the electric machine, estimating a second torque using a second method by determining a power balance which can be calculated with the aid of a difference between an AC output power of an inverter, which is connected to the electric machine, and a total power loss of the electric machine, and determining the final torque as a weighted average from the first torque, which is weighted with a first weighting, and the second torque, which is weighted with a second weighting. The present disclosure also relates to a control unit for carrying out this method and to an electrical traction drive having such a control unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for estimating a torque of an electric machine, comprising the following steps: estimating a first torque using a first method by forming a cross product from an estimated magnetic flux of the electric machine and an actual current of the electric machine, estimating a second torque using a second method by determining a power balance which can be calculated with the aid of a difference between an AC output power of an inverter, which is connected to the electric machine, and a total power loss of the electric machine, and determining the final torque as a weighted average from the first torque, which is weighted with a first weighting, and the second torque, which is weighted with a second weighting. The present disclosure also relates to a control unit for carrying out this method and to an electrical traction drive having such a control unit.

Abstract: A method for controlling an automated clutch of a motor vehicle, wherein the frictional engagement of the clutch is characterized by a physical friction value that changes dependent on an operating state of the clutch, has the steps of: a) modeling the physical friction value as a friction value (RW) in a clutch control unit based on at least one parameter of the power train, wherein the friction value (RW) contains a component representing a dependency of the friction value from a clutch temperature, and b) controlling the frictional engagement of the automated clutch based on the friction value (RW) that was obtained as a result of the modeling in step a).

Abstract: A method for controlling an automated clutch of a motor vehicle, wherein the frictional engagement of the clutch is characterized by a physical friction value that changes dependent on an operating state of the clutch, has the steps of: a) modeling the physical friction value as a friction value (RW) in a clutch control unit based on at least one parameter of the power train, wherein the friction value (RW) contains a component representing a dependency of the friction value from a clutch temperature, and b) controlling the frictional engagement of the automated clutch based on the friction value (RW) that was obtained as a result of the modeling in step a).

Abstract: A method and device for error control procedure of an electronic control device of an automatic transmission, especially an automated shift transmission, disposed within the drive train of a motor vehicle, wherein the control device in the error-free state produces signals calling for predetermined torques from an engine under predetermined operating conditions according to which the torque produced by the engine is controlled, in which method a requested value that is a function of the requested torque is compared to a predetermined limit value and an error signal is produced if the requested value exceeds the limit value.

Abstract: The invention relates to artichoke leaf extracts (Cynarae folium) that are characterized by defined absolute percentages and relative inherent percentages of typical constituents of artichoke leaves such as caffeoyl quinic acids and flavonoids The activity spectrum of the inventive leaf extracts is substantially different from known artichoke leaf extracts, said inventive leaf extracts also being different from each other. The invention also relates to methods for producing the extracts and to fields of application thereof.

Abstract: An automated clutch of a motor vehicle is controlled according to a method with the steps:

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for diagnosing a malfunction in a clutch actuator of a motor vehicle, the actual position of the clutch actuator is measured by a position sensor. Simultaneously, an estimated position of the clutch actuator is calculated by an emulation unit that emulates the function of the clutch actuator. Malfunctions of the clutch-actuator are diagnosed by comparing the actual, measured position to the estimated position.

Abstract: In a method for controlling an automated clutch and/or an automated transmission in a motor vehicle with an electronic clutch management system, a target value for the clutch torque is determined as an output quantity of a start-up function dependent on suitable input quantities.

Abstract: A method of controlling an automated clutch of a vehicle includes the step of adapting a characteristic curve of the clutch through an electronic clutch management system. The adaptation is performed under at least one set of operating conditions that are represented by an operating point.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for diagnosing a malfunction in a clutch actuator of a motor vehicle, the actual position of the clutch actuator is measured by a position sensor. Simultaneously, an estimated position of the clutch actuator is calculated by an emulation unit that emulates the function of the clutch actuator. Malfunctions of the clutch-actuator are diagnosed by comparing the actual, measured position to the estimated position.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for diagnosing a malfunction in a clutch actuator of a motor vehicle, the actual position of the clutch actuator is measured by a position sensor. Simultaneously, an estimated position of the clutch actuator is calculated by an emulation unit that emulates the function of the clutch actuator. Malfunctions of the clutch-actuator are diagnosed by comparing the actual, measured position to the estimated position.