Abstract: A copolymer is disclosed which acts as a thickening agent for aqueous preparations having a pH of more than 5.5. The copolymer is obtainable by emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium, at a pH of 2.5 to 5, in the presence of an initiator forming free radicals, at a temperature of 60.degree. to 95.degree. C. of10 to 50% by weight of acrylic or methacrylic acid,25 to 75% by weight of a nonionic vinyl monomer and2 to 50% by weight of a macromonomer of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CR--CH.sub.2 --O--(C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.a (C.sub.m H.sub.2m O).sub.b (C.sub.p H.sub.2p O).sub.c HwhereinR is H or CH.sub.3n, p are the same or different and in each case are 2 or 3, with the proviso that n and p have a value of not more than 2.3 in the average molecule,m=a whole number from 12 to 18a=10 to 100,b=2 to 10,c=0 to 10 andwherein the sum of the monomers amounts to 100% by weight.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foams is disclosed. The foams are produced by the reaction of at least difunctional polyisocyanates, a polyol with 3 to 8 hydroxyl groups, said polyol having a hydroxyl number of about 150 to 800, catalysts, blowing agents and foam stabilizers, which are devoid of silicon atoms, as well as, optionally, conventional additives such as flame retardants and chain extenders. The foam stabilizers are copolymers of vinyl monomers and allyl- or methallyl polyoxalkylene ethers. The mole ratio of the monomers is 1:1 to 10:1.The foams thus produced exhibit an improved burning behavior, good surface properties and outstanding thermal insulation effects. The stabilizers increase the solubility of the halocarbon blowing agents in the foaming formulation.

Abstract: Macromonomeric (meth-)acrylate esters, having fluoroalkyl groups are disclosed. The esters have the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or different and represents a hydrogen or fluorine groupR.sup.2 is the same or different and represents a hydrogen or methyl group,a has a value of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,c has a value of 2, 3 or 4,b has an average value of 2 to 30n has an average value of 4 to 12 andm has an average value of 3 to 14.The products can be used in dentistry, preferably as relining material for dental prostheses. The esters have a lower solubility and a higher mechanical strength when cured and adhere to already cured poly(methyl methacrylate).

Abstract: Polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups are disclosed. The esters are obtained by transesterifying alkyl polyacrylate esters with dialkylaminoalkanols, followed by quaternization.The polymers are free of physiologically questionable components and can therefore be used for the preparation of cosmetic products, preferably for hair cosmetics. The polymers furthermore are suitable for finishing fibers or of textile products.The invention is furthermore directed to polyacrylate esters with tertiary amino groups, which are formed as intermediates in the preparation of polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups.

Abstract: Polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups are disclosed. The esters are obtained by transesterifying alkyl polyacrylate esters with a mixture of dialkylaminoalkanols and saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, followed by quaternization.The polymers are free of physiologically questionable components and can therefore be used for the preparation of cosmetic products, preferably for hair cosmetics. The polymers furthermore are suitable for finishing fibers or of textile products.The invention is furthermore directed to polyacrylate esters with tertiary amino groups, which are formed as intermediates in the preparation of polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups.

Abstract: A dental preparation is disclosed which comprises a (meth-)acrylate ester of the general formula whereinR.sup.1 is the same or different and represents a hydrogen or fluorine groupR.sup.2 is the same or different and represents a hydrogen or methyl group,a has a value of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,b has an average value of 2 to 30,n has an average value of 4 to 12 andm has an average value of 3 to 14.The preparation is, for example, suitable as relining material for dental prostheses.

Abstract: Polyoxylalkylene ether with an average molecular weight of 400 to 10,000 with at least one terminal hydroxyl group and at least one lateral --SO.sub.3 X group (X=hydrogen, alkali metal or ammonium ion) is disclosed. The polyoxyalkylene ether is obtainable by the statistical or blockwise addition reaction of (a) .alpha.-alkylene oxides with 2 to 14 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and (b) allyl and/or methallyl glycidyl ethers to monohydric to quadrihydric aliphatic alcohols with up to 8 carbon atoms, the ratio of component (a) to component (b) being selected so that at least one allyl ether group is linked to the average molecule, reacting the polymer by a known reaction with, based on the allyl ether groups, at least equimolar amounts of a compound of the formula HSO.sub.3 Y (Y=alkali or ammonium ion) and if necessary, exchanging the cation Y against a hydrogen ion also by a known procedure.

Abstract: Polyoxylalkylene ether with an average molecular weight of 400 to 10,000 with at least one terminal hydroxyl group and at least one lateral --SO.sub.3 X group (X=hydrogen, alkali metal or ammonium ion) is disclosed. The polyoxyalkylene ether is obtainable byThe statistical or blockwise addition reaction of (a) .alpha.-alkylene oxides with 2 to 14 carbon atoms or mixtures hereof and (b) allyl and/or methallyl glycidyl ethers to monohydric to quadrihydric aliphatic alcohols with up to 8 carbon atoms, the ratio of component (a) to component (b) being selected so that at least one allyl ether group is linked to the average molecule,reacting the polymer by a known reaction with, based on the allyl ether groups, at least equimolar amounts of a compound of the formula HSO.sub.3 Y (Y=alkali or ammonium ion) andif necessary, exchanging the cation Y against a hydrogen ion also by a known procedure.

Abstract: A finishing agent for finishing fibers or fiber products is disclosed. The agent is a mixture of the following components:(a) 34 to 99% by weight of a polymer of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a z-hybric aliphatic alcohol, z=2 to 9, m=20 to 75, n=0 to 10, p=0 to 3,(b) 0 to 55% by weight of a copolymer, obtained by copolymerization of(b.sub.1) one mole of a macromonomer of the general formula ##STR2## in which q=5 to 75, r=0 to 10, s=0 to 3, with (b.sub.2) 2 to 12 moles of a vinyl ester of the general formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHOCOR.sup.2, in which R.sup.2 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,(b.sub.3) 1 to 6 moles of N-vinylpyrrolidone,(b.sub.4) 0 to 6 moles of an acrylate or methacrylate ester of the general formula CH.sub.3 .dbd.CR.sup.3 --COOR.sup.4, in which R.sup.3 .dbd.H or CH.sub.3, R.sup.4 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the quotient of the average molecular weight of the monomer (b.sub.1) and the number of moles of the monomers (b.sub.2), (b.sub.3) and (b.sub.

Abstract: Copolymers having epoxide groups are disclosed which are obtained by the copolymerization of(a.sub.1) one mole of a macromonomer of the general formula ##STR1## in which m=5 to 75, n=0 to 10 and p=0 to 3; (a.sub.2) 2 to 12 moles of a vinyl ester of the general formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHOCOR.sup.1, wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms;(a.sub.3) 0 to 6 moles of N-vinylpyrrolidone; and(a.sub.4) 0 to 6 moles of an acrylate or methacrylate ester of the general formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.2 --COOR.sup.3, wherein R.sup.2 =H or CH.sub.3, R.sup.3 =alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,the quotient formed from the average molecular weight of monomer (a.sub.1) and the sum of the number of moles of the monomers (a.sub.2), (a.sub.3) and (a.sub.4) being 20 to 500.The invention moreover relates to the synthesis of these copolymers by copolymerization of appropriate comonomer mixture and to the use of the copolymers for finishing textile fibers or fiber products.

Abstract: Method of using polymers of alkylvinyl ethers whose alkyl radical has 2 to 18 carbon atoms with a weight average molecular weight M.sub.w of 400 to 10,000 in amounts of 1 to 200 ppm for preventing or eliminating foam on aqueous media.

Abstract: For demulsifying water containing crude oil, copolymers are used which are obtained by copolymerizing one or several polyoxyalkylene ether(s) of allyl and/or methallyl alcohol with vinyl esters of lower carboxylic acids or mixtures of vinyl esters of lower carboxylic acids with up to 50 mole percent of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid or ethers of allyl or methallyl alcohol and fatty alcohols, the quotient of the average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene ethers corresponding to their molar fraction and the number of moles of the compounds to be copolymerized being 20 to 200, as demulsifiers for water containing crude oil.

Abstract: Sulfonated polyoxyalkylene ethers of the formulaR.sup.1 CH.sub.2 O--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O--).sub.n (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O--).sub.m CH.sub.2 CHR.sup.3 CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 Xin which R.sup.1 is ##STR1## R2 is CH.sub.3 --, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 --, or C.sub.3 H.sub.7 --, R.sup.3 is H-- or CH.sub.3 --, X is H--, alkali metal or ammonium ion, n is 0 to 100, m is 0 to 50, and n+m is not less than 1. The compounds are prepared by adding a compound of formula HSO.sub.3 X in a known manner by a free radical reaction in the presence of catalysts and optionally at an elevated temperature to compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 CH.sub.2 O--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O--).sub.n (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O--).sub.m CH.sub.2 CHR.sup.3 .dbd.CH.sub.2.The inventive compounds can be used as the only or a partial polyol component for the preparation of curable, polyurethane-based adhesives and increase the combined tensile and shear strength and the floating roller peel strength of the adhesive bonds.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of polyesters of improved dye affinity by reacting dicarboxylic acids or their reactive derivatives with a mixture of diols, consisting of a predominant amount of an alkylene glycol and 0.1 to 20 weight percent, based on the polyester, of a polyoxyalkylene ether of formulaR.sup.1 CH.sub.2 O--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O--).sub.n (C.sub.3 H.sub.7 O--).sub.m CH.sub.2 CHR.sup.3 CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 Xin which ##STR1## R.sup.2 =CH.sub.3 --, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 --, C.sub.3 H.sub.7 --, R.sup.3 =H-- or CH.sub.3, X=H--, alkali or ammonium ion, n=0 to 100, m=0 to 50 and n+m is not less than 1, and polymers prepared therefrom.

Abstract: A backing sheet for the weathering-resistant coating of thin, plane backings in continuous presses without recooling comprising(A) a paper impregnated with curable melamine resin in an amount of 40 to 60 weight percent of aminoplast resin, based on the weight of the paper, in the dried state, and(B) a coating of curable acrylic resin on the impregnated paper in an amount of 60 to 150 g/m.sup.

Abstract: A thermosetting adhesive containing as the active components(a) a copolymer which is obtained by the polymerization of(a.sub.1) 35 to 70 weight percent of one or more alkyl esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical,(a.sub.2) 20 to 45 weight percent of acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile and/or vinyl acetate,(a.sub.3) 10 to 20 weight percent of one or more .omega.-hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid with 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical,(a.sub.4) 0 to 15 weight percent of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide, and(a.sub.5) 0 to 35 weight percent of acrylic or vinyl monomers, whose composition deviates from that of components (a.sub.1) and (a.sub.4), whereinthe sum of the monomers (a.sub.1) to (a.sub.5) amounts to 100 weight percent and the copolymer has a limiting viscosity of 0.05 to 0.6 (100 ml.multidot.g.sup.-1) at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a defoaming agent. The active compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein z=a whole number from 1 to 3;R.sup.1 =a hydrocarbon radical having a functionality of z, and when z is l, a hydrogen radical;R.sup.2 =hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, --CONHR.sup.3, ##STR2## or a --SiR.sub.3.sup.3 radical, in which at most 100/z % of all R.sup.2 radicals may be hydrogen radicals;R.sup.3 =a monofunctional hydrocarbon radical;R.sup.4 =a linear alkyl radical with an average of 4 to 16 carbon atoms, a methyl, or hydrogen radical, in which case, however, no more than 90 mole percent of the R.sup.4 radicals may be methyl or hydrogen radicals; andn=is a whole number not less than 2.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of polymers with laterally linked polyoxyalkylene chains by the free radical polymerization of polyoxyalkylene ethers with olefinic double bonds with other vinyl compounds, capable of copolymerizing wherein the polyoxyalkylene ethers of allyl and/or methallyl alcohol are copolymerized in a known manner with vinyl esters of lower carboxylic acids or mixtures of vinyl esters of lower carboxylic acids with up to 50 mole percent of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid. The compounds can be used to advantage as reaction components having hydroxyl groups in the production of polyurethanes. In particular, they improve the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams, such as, for example, their compression hardness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for flexibilizing epoxide resins by the addition of polymers which contain carboxyl groups by adding to the epoxide resins before they are cured, copolymers which are obtained by the conventional polymerization of:(a.sub.1) 40 to 87 weight percent of one or several alkyl esters of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical,(a.sub.2) 10 to 40 weight percent of vinyl acetate and/or acrylonitrile,(a.sub.3) 1 to 20 weight percent of acrylic, methacrylic and/or itaconic acid,(a.sub.4) 1 to 5 weight percent of glycidyl acrylate and/or glycidyl methacrylate, and(a.sub.5) 0 to 35 weight percent of acrylic and/or vinyl monomers, which are different from the monomers a.sub.1 to a.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyoxyalkylene ethers of the formulaR.sup.1 O--[C.sub.n H.sub.2n O--].sub.x Min whichR.sup.1 is an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylene radical, an aryl radical or an alkaryl radical,M is an alkali cation,n is any number from 2 to 3, andx is a whole number,by the stoichiometric polymerization of alkylene oxides or their mixtures having the general formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n O on alkali alcoholate mixtures, composed of 1 to 20 mole percent of potassium alcoholate and 99 to 80 mole percent of sodium alcoholate. Compared to the use of sodium alcoholate alone, the addition reaction proceeds uniformly at temperatures as low as 80.degree. to 100.degree. C. and the initial delay at the start of the reaction is avoided. Even so, it is possible to keep the isomerization of propylene oxide to allyl alcohol within limits. Products are obtained with a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution and a low double bond content.