Abstract: A process for preparing or regenerating peroxodisulfuric acid and its salts by electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and/or metal sulfates at diamond-coated electrodes without addition of promoters is described, with bipolar silicon electrodes which are coated with diamond on one side and whose uncoated silicon rear side serves as cathode being used.

Abstract: A process for preparing or regenerating peroxodisulfuric acid and its salts by electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and/or metal sulfates at diamond-coated electrodes without addition of promoters is described, with bipolar silicon electrodes which are coated with diamond on one side and whose uncoated silicon rear side serves as cathode being used.

Abstract: A wiring structure for a semiconductor device includes a multilayer metallization having a total thickness of at least 5 ?m and an interlayer disposed in the multilayer metallization with a first side of the interlayer adjoining one layer of the multilayer metallization and a second opposing side of the interlayer adjoining a different layer of the multilayer metallization. The interlayer includes at least one of W, WTi, Ta, TaN, TiW, and TiN or other suitable compound metal or a metal silicide such as WSi, MoSi, TiSi, and TaSi.

Abstract: A wiring structure for a semiconductor device includes a multilayer metallization having a total thickness of at least 5 ?m and an interlayer disposed in the multilayer metallization with a first side of the interlayer adjoining one layer of the multilayer metallization and a second opposing side of the interlayer adjoining a different layer of the multilayer metallization. The interlayer includes at least one of W, WTi, Ta, TaN, TiW, and TiN or other suitable compound metal or a metal silicide such as WSi, MoSi, TiSi, and TaSi.

Abstract: A process for preparing or regenerating peroxodisulfuric acid and its salts by electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and/or metal sulfates at diamond-coated electrodes without addition of promoters is described, with bipolar silicon electrodes which are coated with diamond on one side and whose uncoated silicon rear side serves as cathode being used.

Abstract: A method in which a base layer is deposited in a contact hole region under a protective gas, where base layer contains a nitride as main constituent. After the deposition of the base layer, a covering layer is deposited under gaseous nitrogen. An adhesion promoting layer results which is simple to produce and has good electrical properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolysis cell comprising sheet-like anodes and cathodes which are separated from one another by means of separators and which are arranged in a cell trough or in a plurality of electrode frames clamped to one another and are connected in an electrically monopolar or bipolar manner, wherein the cathodes and/or anodes are in the form of multilayer expanded metal electrodes which consist of at least two expanded metal layers which are in contact with one another via internal resistance zones and through which the electrolyte solutions flow in the longitudinal direction, and to its use for the cathodic reduction or the anodic oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds.

Abstract: A method in which a base layer is deposited in a contact hole region under a protective gas, where base layer contains a nitride as main constituent. After the deposition of the base layer, a covering layer is deposited under gaseous nitrogen. An adhesion promoting layer results which is simple to produce and has good electrical properties.

Abstract: A method in which a base layer is deposited in a contact hole region under a protective gas, where base layer contains a nitride as main constituent. After the deposition of the base layer, a covering layer is deposited under gaseous nitrogen. An adhesion promoting layer results which is simple to produce and has good electrical properties.

Abstract: A process for preparing or regenerating peroxodisulfuric acid and its salts by electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and/or metal sulfates at diamond-coated electrodes without addition of promoters is described, with bipolar silicon electrodes which are coated with diamond on one side and whose uncoated silicon rear side serves as cathode being used.

Abstract: A method in which a base layer is deposited in a contact hole region under a protective gas, where base layer contains a nitride as main constituent. After the deposition of the base layer, a covering layer is deposited under gaseous nitrogen. An adhesion promoting layer results which is simple to produce and has good electrical properties.

Abstract: A method for processing the ion flow signals of internal combustion engines by offset correction, masking and multiplexing for engine control functions wherein, after the measurement of the ion flow signal in each cylinder for the purpose of offset correction in advance of each ignition operation, the level of the measurement signal of the cylinder is detected; during masking operation, the measurement signal is substituted in a second signal by the level value and is subtracted from the second signal until the next ignition operation and thereafter, the channels which are to be multiplexed, are combined to a third signal by the addition of the second signals of the particular cylinders, the second signal being derived from the measurement signal.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for detecting combustion misfires in an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft and a transducer wheel coupled to the crankshaft and a sensor. The combustion misfires are detected on the basis of a time-dependent trace of the rotational movement of the transducer wheel and the transducer wheel has predetermined segments which pass the sensor. In the method, a sensor is utilized to detect segment times in which the segments pass the sensor so that the sensor produces a sensor signal representing the segment times. The sensor signal is applied as an input signal to first and second lowpass filters mutually connected in parallel thereby obtaining first and second output signals which react with different speeds to changes in the input signal. The difference between the first and second output signals is formed and a measure is, in turn, formed for the changes of the difference.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for detecting combustion misfires on the basis of a first input feature signal in which the nonuniformity of the rotational movement (on the basis of rpm or segment times) of the engine is mapped within the first order. According to the method, a permanent misfire at a cylinder is preliminarily detected when a first threshold value is exceeded by the amount of a first input feature signal and a detection signal for permanent misfires at several cylinders is active (and in this way, permanent misfires at several cylinders are recognized) when a threshold value is exceeded by the magnitude of further assigned input feature signals or by the magnitude of the first feature signal when a second threshold value is exceeded. The detection signal for permanent misfires at a cylinder is always switched to be inactive when there is an active detection signal for permanent misfire at several cylinders.

Abstract: A method is introduced for detecting combustion misfires on the basis of the time-dependent course of the rotational movement of a transducer wheel, which is coupled to the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. In this method, the segment times, in which predetermined segments of the transducer wheel pass a sensor, are detected and processed to a measure for the rough running of the internal combustion engine. A conclusion as to misfires is drawn from the behavior of the measure. The measure for the rough running is formed by digital filtering of segment times with predetermined filter coefficients.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for detecting combustion misfires on the basis of a first complex input feature signal wherein the nonuniformity of the rotational movement (on the basis of rpm or segment times) of the internal combustion engine is mapped within a first order defined by a rotation of the crankshaft through an angle of 720.degree./k wherein k=1. The input feature signal serves as a feature signal to detect recurring misfires and functions as a feature signal to detect sporadic misfires. The complex input signal is defined by a magnitude and a phase angle which vary as a function of time. The presence of a misfire is detected from the magnitude and the affected cylinder is determined from the phase angle.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and an arrangement for controlling the power of an internal combustion engine. In the method and arrangement, the power-adjusting element for adjusting the supply of air to the engine is adjusted in the context of a load control loop. When the load detection becomes disabled, measures are taken for ensuring operational reliability and an emergency method for adjusting the throttle flap is described in the fault situation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for detecting misfires in the combustion of a z-cylinder four stroke internal combustion engine wherein the engine includes a transducer wheel coupled to the crankshaft of the engine and rotating in phase synchronism with the crankshaft. The transducer wheel has typically z/2 segments and the segments are scanned with a sensor device to supply a segment-time signal reflecting the nonuniformity of the rotational movement of the crankshaft with respect to individual ones of the cylinders of the engine. Rough-running values are formed for each cylinder on the basis of the segment times with each of the rough-running values including a component occurring at the frequency of the crankshaft. The component is filtered out and then the filtered rough-running value is compared to a threshold value. A misfire is determined to be present when the filtered rough-running value exceeds the threshold value.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for detecting combustion misfires in an internal combustion engine on the basis of a first signal wherein the nonuniformity of the rotational movement of the crankshaft of the engine is imaged. The method includes the steps of: generating a second signal which is periodic and has a period duration corresponding to one of the following: the cycle duration of a complete work cycle of the engine or the cycle duration divided by a whole number, and the second signal having a fixed phase relationship to the rotational movement of said crankshaft; providing an ancillary signal based on the first signal; modulating the second signal with the ancillary signal and filtering the second signal to form a third signal; and, utilizing the third signal for detecting the presence of misfires and for identifying the cylinder affected by the misfires.

Abstract: A movable and remotely actuable device is adapted for entering into a traort connection for transport thereof and entering into a direct mechanical actuating engagement for remote actuation thereof with a remotely manipulable tool. First and second retaining elements are employed for entering into the transport connection with the tool. The second element is movably mounted on the device and is configured for direct mechanical engagement with the tool. The second element is adapted for motion to and fro on the device upon actuation by the tool and has first and second extreme positions of its trajectory. The second element, when in its first position, confines the tool between the first and second elements and, when in its second position, enables the tool to be moved into and out of the engagement.