Abstract: A battery system, a method of detecting leaks inside a battery system, and a vehicle, the battery system including a housing including a housing frame and a base frame, the housing frame and the base frame enclosing a housing space; a battery module including a plurality of battery cells electrically connected to each other via a bus bar, the battery module being in the housing space; a tray including a tray frame and a tray base; and a battery management system including a liquid detector, wherein the liquid detector is configured to detect a liquid inside the tray, and the liquid detector includes a high-voltage conductor, a first end of the high-voltage conductor being connected to the bus bar and a second end of the high-voltage conductor being between the base frame and the tray base.

Abstract: An electric circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes only a single amperemeter configured to measure either a positive current or a negative current through a respective measurement resistance between a respective high voltage potential and a common ground potential. The respective actual measurement resistance value of the unmeasured measurement resistance is calculated by applying a respectively calculated actual measurement resistance value of the respective measured measurement resistance, a calculated actual positive isolation resistance value, and a calculated negative isolation resistance value.

Abstract: A battery system includes: a battery management system comprising a DC/DC converter and a system basis chip; a microcontroller connected to the system basis chip to receive power from the system basis chip; and a relay driver configured to control a relay. The DC/DC converter receives power from a power source, and the system basis chip receives an output voltage from the DC/DC converter. The relay driver is connected to a node between the system basis chip and the DC/DC converter to receive the output voltage from the DC/DC converter. The microcontroller is electrically connected to the relay driver and is configured to: before switching the relay, control the DC/DC converter to increase the output voltage from a first voltage to a higher second voltage; and control the relay driver to switch the relay while the DC/DC converter outputs the second voltage.

Abstract: An electric current measuring arrangement includes: a first control unit including a first microcontroller; a second control unit including: a second microcontroller; an amplifier electrically interconnected between the second microcontroller and terminals of a shunt resistor for current measurement; and a node interconnected between one of the terminals of the shunt resistor and the amplifier; a communication line communicatively connecting the first control unit and the second control unit. The first microcontroller is configured to generate a test pattern signal, and to transmit the test pattern signal to the second control unit through the communication line, the second control unit is configured to transmit the test pattern signal to the node, the second microcontroller is configured to receive a measuring signal through the amplifier, and the first microcontroller is configured to receive the measuring signal, compare the measuring signal with the test pattern signal, and verify the current measurement.

Abstract: A relay control system for a battery system is provided. The relay control system includes: an electrical interface configured to detachably receive a connector; a power supply electrically connected in parallel to a coil of a relay through power supply lines; a relay driver switch interconnected between the power supply and the coil in one of the power supply lines; and a controller electrically connected in parallel to the relay driver switch through relay driver control lines to control the relay driver switch. One of the power supply lines or the relay driver control lines is routed across the interface, and the relay control system is configured to open the relay when the one of the power supply lines or the relay driver control lines is interrupted in response to the connector being detached from the interface.

Abstract: A battery system for an electric vehicle, including: a high voltage (HV) battery subsystem including a battery cell stack with battery cells electrically connected between stack nodes; a low voltage (LV) battery subsystem including a LV battery and a supply node connectFed to the LV battery; a DC/DC converter with a primary coil in the HV battery subsystem and a secondary coil in the LV battery subsystem, wherein the primary coil is connected to one of the stack nodes via a switch. A threshold signal indicative of a voltage at the supply node may be generated in the LV battery subsystem and may be transmitted to the HV battery system. A state of the switch may be controlled based on the threshold signal.

Abstract: An electric circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes only a single amperemeter configured to measure either a positive current or a negative current through a respective measurement resistance between a respective high voltage potential and a common ground potential. The respective actual measurement resistance value of the unmeasured measurement resistance is calculated by applying a respectively calculated actual measurement resistance value of the respective measured measurement resistance, a calculated actual positive isolation resistance value, and a calculated negative isolation resistance value.

Abstract: A battery module for use with an electric vehicle is disclosed. In one aspect, the battery module includes a power source and an isolation monitoring circuit electrically connected with the power source. The electric vehicle includes a Y-capacitor module. The isolation monitoring circuit can discharge the Y-capacitor module when the battery module is electrically connected with the electric vehicle. According to at least one of the disclosed embodiments, no additional HV efforts to discharge a Y-capacitor, and discharge of a vehicle Y-capacitor can be performed on the battery side.

Abstract: An electric current measuring arrangement includes: a first control unit including a first microcontroller; a second control unit including: a second microcontroller; an amplifier electrically interconnected between the second microcontroller and terminals of a shunt resistor for current measurement; and a node interconnected between one of the terminals of the shunt resistor and the amplifier; a communication line communicatively connecting the first control unit and the second control unit. The first microcontroller is configured to generate a test pattern signal, and to transmit the test pattern signal to the second control unit through the communication line, the second control unit is configured to transmit the test pattern signal to the node, the second microcontroller is configured to receive a measuring signal through the amplifier, and the first microcontroller is configured to receive the measuring signal, compare the measuring signal with the test pattern signal, and verify the current measurement.

Abstract: A battery system for an electric vehicle, including: a high voltage (HV) battery subsystem including a battery cell stack with battery cells electrically connected between stack nodes; a low voltage (LV) battery subsystem including a LV battery and a supply node connected to the LV battery; a DC/DC converter with a primary coil in the HV battery subsystem and a secondary coil in the LV battery subsystem, wherein the primary coil is connected to one of the stack nodes via a switch. A threshold signal indicative of a voltage at the supply node may be generated in the LV battery subsystem and may be transmitted to the HV battery system. A state of the switch may be controlled based on the threshold signal.

Abstract: A battery system, a method of detecting leaks inside a battery system, and a vehicle, the battery system including a housing including a housing frame and a base frame, the housing frame and the base frame enclosing a housing space; a battery module including a plurality of battery cells electrically connected to each other via a bus bar, the battery module being in the housing space; a tray including a tray frame and a tray base; and a battery management system including a liquid detector, wherein the liquid detector is configured to detect a liquid inside the tray, and the liquid detector includes a high-voltage conductor, a first end of the high-voltage conductor being connected to the bus bar and a second end of the high-voltage conductor being between the base frame and the tray base.

Abstract: A battery system includes a stack of battery cells connected between first and second stack nodes, the stack to supply a stack voltage to a first battery system output node connected to the first stack node; a DC/DC converter to receive a first output voltage of the stack, and to down-convert the first output voltage to a second output voltage; a battery actuator interconnected between the stack and one of the first battery system output node and a second battery system output node, and controlled to be set either conductive or non-conductive; and a controller to control the battery actuator, the controller including a first input node receiving the second output voltage and a second input node connected to the second stack node, the controller to output a first switch signal via a first controller output node and a second switch signal via a second controller output node.

Abstract: A battery module for use with an electric vehicle is disclosed. In one aspect, the battery module includes a power source and an isolation monitoring circuit electrically connected with the power source. The electric vehicle includes a Y-capacitor module. The isolation monitoring circuit can discharge the Y-capacitor module when the battery module is electrically connected with the electric vehicle. According to at least one of the disclosed embodiments, no additional HV efforts to discharge a Y-capacitor, and discharge of a vehicle Y-capacitor can be performed on the battery side.

Abstract: A battery system for a vehicle is provided. The battery system includes: first and second output terminals; a battery pack including a primary pole and a secondary pole which are respectively electrically connected or connectable to one of the first and second output terminals; an electrically operable pre-charge switch electrically connected to the primary pole of the battery pack and to the first output terminal; a first resistor arranged in series with the electrically operable pre-charge switch; an isolation monitoring circuit adapted to monitor the overall isolation of the battery system; a semiconductor switch adapted to bidirectionally conduct a current in a first state and to bidirectionally block the current in a second state; and a second resistor arranged in series with the first resistor and in parallel with the semiconductor switch.

Abstract: A battery system for a vehicle is provided. The battery system includes: first and second output terminals; a battery pack including a primary pole and a secondary pole which are respectively electrically connected or connectable to one of the first and second output terminals; an electrically operable pre-charge switch electrically connected to the primary pole of the battery pack and to the first output terminal; a first resistor arranged in series with the electrically operable pre-charge switch; an isolation monitoring circuit adapted to monitor the overall isolation of the battery system ;a semiconductor switch adapted to bidirectionally conduct a current in a first state and to bidirectionally block the current in a second state; and a second resistor arranged in series with the first resistor and in parallel with the semiconductor switch.

Abstract: A hot drinks machine is provided that is configured to perform a cleaning program and a descaling program, both of which require the use of a service function object. The hot drinks machine is formed with a holder for the service function object.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a brewing head (1) of a hot beverage dispenser operating on the basis of dimensionally stable beverage capsules, containing a base plate (2), a capsule receptacle (3), a lid (4) and at least one locking device for forming a watertight brewing chamber between the base plate (1) and lid (4), characterised in that the capsule receptacle (3) has at least one raised area (8) that can be brought into contact with one surface of a beverage capsule.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a brewing head (1) of a hot beverage dispenser operating on the basis of dimensionally stable beverage capsules, containing a base plate (2), a capsule receptacle (3), a lid (4) and at least one locking device for forming a watertight brewing chamber between the base plate (1) and lid (4), characterised in that the capsule receptacle (3) has at least one raised area (8) that can be brought into contact with one surface of a beverage capsule.

Abstract: A hot drinks machine is provided that is configured to perform a cleaning program and a descaling program, both of which require the use of a service function object. The hot drinks machine is formed with a holder for the service function object.

Abstract: Measurements relating to the activity of various molecules of interest are obtained using a sensing surface with an associated first charge, a charge-regulating layer bound to the sensing surface, various possible probe molecules and a measurement circuit. The sensing surface has a layer bound to it that confers a neutral charge or a second charge on a net basis. In addition, a probe is bound to at least one of the surface and the layer, the probe being complementary to and interacting with a molecule of interest. The interaction between the probe and the molecule of interest is detected electrically.