Abstract: The invention relates to an organic peroxide emulsion containing at least one organic peroxide, at least one emulsifier comprising at least one nonionic surfactant including at least one fatty chain and/or a protective colloid agent, a combination of two or more antigels containing no more than 9.5 wt% of a first antifreeze relative to the total weight of the ethanol emulsion, at least a second antifreeze and water. The invention also relates to a method for preparing such an emulsion, the use of such an emulsion for the polymerization or copolymerization of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and a halogenated vinyl polymer obtained by the use of such an emulsion.

Abstract: A method and a system are provided for data management in a transport device, in particular in a train. In a first comparison, a first count value stored in a first control device is compared with a count value stored in a second control device. In a second comparison, a count value selected from the first and second count values on the basis of a result of the first comparison is compared with a control count value stored in a safety device. On the basis of a result of the second comparison, control data stored in the safety device and associated with the control count value are acquired by the first or second control device.

Abstract: A technique is provided for a transmitting optical network element with an encrypting entity. The transmitting optical network element has an interface for receiving key information from a key management entity, storage means for storing a public key received by the key management entity, and a key generation entity configured for generating a symmetric encryption key. The transmitting optical network element is adapted to encrypt a received payload to be transmitted to a receiving optical network element using the generated symmetric encryption key, encrypt the generated symmetric encryption key using the public key of the receiving optical network element, and transmit the encrypted payload and the encrypted symmetric encryption key via an optical network to the receiving optical network element.

Abstract: A technique is provided for a transmitting optical network element with an encrypting entity. The transmitting optical network element has an interface for receiving key information from a key management entity, storage means for storing a public key received by the key management entity, and a key generation entity configured for generating a symmetric encryption key. The transmitting optical network element is adapted to encrypt a received payload to be transmitted to a receiving optical network element using the generated symmetric encryption key, encrypt the generated symmetric encryption key using the public key of the receiving optical network element, and transmit the encrypted payload and the encrypted symmetric encryption key via an optical network to the receiving optical network element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control system of a network element (18) capable of handling transmission signals of an optical transport network (16) (OTN) and transmission signals of a synchronous digital transport network (16) (SDH), the network element (18) comprising a first subsystem (28) for handling trans-mission signals of the optical transport network (16), a second subsystem (30) for handling transmission signals of the synchronous digital transport network (16) and a number of dedicated interconnections (40) between the two subsystems (28, 30), wherein the control system comprises a management information base comprising managed objects (54) related to the first subsystem (28), managed objects (52) related to the second subsystem (30) and a further managed object (56) (interconnection object) related to the number of interconnections (40). The invention further relates to a network element comprising the control system and a method for managing the network element.

Abstract: A heterogeneous network consists of an OTN-type sub-network and an SDH type sub-network. The sub-networks are interconnected by an interconnection node network element (NE) which has a first interface (O1-On) connected to OTN-type sub-network (OTN) and a second interface (S1-Sn) connected the SDH-type sub-network (SDH). Management information messages from the data communication channels of received SDH signals and management information messages from the general communication channels of received OTN signals are extracted in the corresponding interfaces. All messages are then fed via a LAN to a common routing engine (R), which routes the management information messages between the OTN and SDH sub-networks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of negotiating an active or a passive role assignment to a first and a second control means of a network element. The control means are redundant and operate dependent on their respective active or passive role. The invention furthermore relates to a control means therefor, a program module for a control means therefor and a network element therefor. The method comprises the steps of: determining an operability state parameter for each of said control means dependent on their respective ability to perform their respective functionality; mutually transmitting said operability state parameters between said control means; and determining an active role or a passive role by said control means dependent on said respective operability state parameters.

Abstract: Automatic control of parameters of optical components such as colored losers in a transmit side WDM system includes the following steps. At a receiver side (NE21-NE2n)) predefined characteristics of a received signal are measured. The results (MEAS) of these measurements are communicated to a remote control system (NMS1) which runs an algorithm to determine corrective adjustment parameters (ADJ) and communicates them to the transmitter side (NE11-NE1n), which adjusts the optical components accordingly. The adjustment algorithm is implemented in one of the affected network elements or in the related network management system, preferably in the element manager (NMS1) of the affected network elements. The measurements are provided automatically to the algorithm; the related adjustments are provided automatically to the network elements, which contain the transmitters to be adjusted.

Abstract: A heterogeneous network consists of an OTN-type sub-network and an SDH type sub-network. The sub-networks are interconnected by an interconnection node network element (NE) which has a first interface (O1-On) connected to OTN-type sub-network (OTN) and a second interface (S1-Sn) connected the SDH-type sub-network (SDH). Management information messages from the data communication channels of received SDH signals and management information messages from the general communication channels of received OTN signals are extracted in the corresponding interfaces. All messages are then fed via a LAN to a common routing engine (R), which routes the management information messages between the OTN and SDH sub-networks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control system of a network element (18) capable of handling transmission signals of an optical transport network (16) (OTN) and transmission signals of a synchronous digital transport network (16) (SDH), said network element (18) comprising a first subsystem (28) for handling transmission signals of said optical transport network (16), a second subsystem (30) for handling transmission signals of said synchronous digital transport network (16) and a number of dedicated interconnections (40) between said two subsystems (28, 30), wherein said control system comprises a management information base comprising managed objects (54) related to said first subsystem (28), managed objects (52) related to said second subsystem (30) and a further managed object (56) (interconnection object) related to said number of interconnections (40). The invention further relates to a network element comprising said control system and a method for managing said network element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of negotiating an active or a passive role assignment to a first and a second control means of a network element. The control means are redundant and operate dependent on their respective active or passive role. The invention furthermore relates to a control means therefor, a program module for a control means therefor and a network element therefor.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous metal nitrate solutions by dissolving the metal in nitric acid. The formation of ammonium nitrate is suppressed and the dissolution process is accelerated by adding nitrous acid or a substance which forms nitrous acid.