Abstract: A fuel composition containing a gas oil base fuel, an alkyl levulinate and one or more additional components, each of which components contains one or more aromatic constituents is provided. A method of reducing the phase separation temperature of a fuel composition is described.

Abstract: Fuel composition containing a blend of a non-Fischer-Tropsch derived, preferably petroleum derived, diesel base fuel and a Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene fuel product, optionally together with a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil is provided. The Fischer Tropsch derived kerosene fuel product may be included for the purpose of improving the performance of a combustion engine or vehicle which is running or is intended to be run on the fuel composition. It may also be used to reduce vehicle emissions and/or improve the cold flow performance of the composition and/or increase the cetane number of the composition.

Abstract: The use of an effective concentration of a hydrocarbyl amine wherein the hydrocarbyl moiety has a number average molecular weight in the range 140 to 255 as an additive in an unleaded gasoline composition is provided containing a major proportion of a gasoline suitable for use in a spark ignition engine, for reducing injector nozzle fouling in a direct injection spark ignition engine. A method of operating a direct injection spark ignition engine is also provided.

Abstract: A personalised service generation enabling device generates information that enables a service creation element to generate a personalised telecommunications service based on a telecommunications service created by the service creation element. The device provides this telecommunications service to a user. Based on inputted change instructions and on the telecommunications service, the enabling device translates the change instructions into service generation information which is sent to the service creation element which generates a personalised telecommunications service based on the telecommunications service and on the change information. The personalised service is then installed in a relevant network element making the personalised service in this way accessible to the user.

Abstract: Network management systems comprise generators for generating control signals and manage a sum of all traffic signals per network-unit or per link in a network by supplying the control signals to controllers which take action. The efficiency of such management can be improved a lot, by distinguishing between traffic signals of a first kind and traffic signals of a second kind, calculating functions of at least traffic signals of one kind, and comparing calculated functions with thresholds and generating control signals in dependence of comparison results. The distinguishing can be done between controllable traffic signals and uncontrollable traffic signals and/or between traffic signals forming part of services having a guaranteed quality-of-service-level and traffic signals forming part of services not having said guaranteed quality-of-service-level.