Abstract: The invention concerns a multistage centrifugal-chamber separator unit for separating solids from a gas stream. A plurality of parallel flow channels with centrifugal chambers connected to them are provided. Corresponding to the decrease of the flow volume, the total number of the centrifugal chambers in all the flow channels decreases in successive stages in the direction of flow. Transverse ducts which connect together the parallel flow channels are provided between stages with differing numbers of centrifugal chambers and are so designed that the flow channels of the following stage, reduced in number, are loaded equally by the gas stream. The separator unit has a plurality of identical structural elements which on one side have the configuration of the centrifugal chamber, including the trailing and leading edges. A plurality of separator units of this kind may be arranged parallel to one another in a housing.

Abstract: The invention concerns a centrifugal chamber filter for separating solids from a gas stream. The filter has a cylindrical centrifugal chamber and outlet pipes which extend towards each other from the ends of the chamber for conducting away the purified gas. In order to convert the rotational flow energy into pressure energy, a distributor with radial blading is mounted between the adjacent inlet ends of the outlet pipes within the chamber. The outlet pipes are advantageously each provided with a nozzle ring at its inlet end. The distributor and/or the nozzle ring are advantageously designed to be slidable onto the ends of the outlet pipes.

Abstract: A multi-stage centrifugal chamber filter for separating solids from a gas stream. The filter has a plurality of separate multistage filter elements, each having at least one flow channel to which a plurality of centrifugal chambers is connected. The cross-section of the flow channel decreases in the direction of flow from chamber to chamber in order to provide a constant velocity of flow. The inlet and the outlet of the or each flow channel are designed to be in opposite end walls of the filter elements. A plurality of filter elements are located in a filter housing between two parallel walls spaced apart in the housing. Passages are provided in the walls for opposing inlets and outlets of the filter elements. The filter housing has at least one purified-gas outlet between the walls. The inlets and outlets of the filter elements are connected outside the walls to a crude-gas inlet and a residual-gas outlet respectively.

Abstract: A commodity to be packaged in a carton, box or another type of container is foamed in place while being held by distancing elements which extend into the interior of the container. The distancing elements are retracted upon completion of the foaming step, either through the open top or through openings in the top, bottom and/or side walls of the container.

Abstract: A spindle is axially displaceable toward and away from an opening in a housing in which it is located. The spindle end portion facing the opening is concentrically surrounded by jaws having cam faces which are in permanent biased contact with the end portion or with a side member carried by the same. The jaws have surfaces which are located beneath and extend across the opening when the spindle is in one end position. As the spindle moves towards its other end position, the jaws are progressively deflected outwardly away from the spindle axis so that their surfaces, visible through the housing opening, also progressively recede transversely of the opening, thus providing a visual indication of the spindle position.