Abstract: According to some embodiments, an electronic device is described, having a counter circuit which is configured to detect first pulses in a received first output signal and to determine a number of the detected first pulses, a counter circuit which is configured to detect second pulses in a received second output signal and to determine a number of the detected second pulses, and an error detection circuit configured to register a first difference between the number of first pulses detected in a first time interval and the number of second pulses detected in the first time interval, determine a second difference between the number of first pulses detected in a second time interval and the number of second pulses detected in the second time interval and indicate an error if the first difference and the second difference differ from one another by at least one predefined threshold value.

Abstract: A resolver-to-digital converter, comprising: a feedback (FB) filter chain loop having a state observer configured to estimate a rotation speed and a rotation angle of an object, based on a pair of input sine and cosine signals that are amplitude-modulated (AM) to correspond with the rotation angle of the object; and a feedforward (FF) filter chain path configured to estimate the rotation speed of the object based on the pair of input sine and cosine signals, wherein the state observer of the FB filter chain loop is further configured to offset the estimated rotation speed of the FB filter chain loop with the estimated rotation speed of the FF filter chain path to decrease a settling time of the estimated rotation angle.

Abstract: A resolver-to-digital converter, comprising: a feedback (FB) filter chain loop having a state observer configured to estimate a rotation speed and a rotation angle of an object, based on a pair of input sine and cosine signals that are amplitude-modulated (AM) to correspond with the rotation angle of the object; and a feedforward (FF) filter chain path configured to estimate the rotation speed of the object based on the pair of input sine and cosine signals, wherein the state observer of the FB filter chain loop is further configured to offset the estimated rotation speed of the FB filter chain loop with the estimated rotation speed of the FF filter chain path to decrease a settling time of the estimated rotation angle.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a motor control circuit is described having a controller configured to determine values of a plurality of control voltages for a motor. The motor control circuit includes one or more current sensors configured to measure a plurality of operation currents of the motor and a neural network having a multi-layer perceptron architecture. The neural network is trained to estimate a rotor position of the motor for a current control cycle. The controller is configured to determine values of the plurality of control voltages for the current control cycle using the estimate of the rotor position.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a circuit for determining the frequency of a signal is described, comprising an input configured to receive an analog input signal, an analog to digital converter configured to convert the analog input signal to a digital input signal, a digital mixer configured to generate a mixing result signal by mixing the digital input signal with a single bit binary signal having a reference frequency, a low pass filter configured to generate a filtered signal by filtering the mixing result signal, a measuring circuit configured to measure the period of the filtered signal and an output configured to output a value differing from the frequency of the single bit binary signal by the inverse of the measured period as the frequency to be determined.

Abstract: In known methods for producing a glass component, a void-containing intermediate product containing doped or non-doped SiO2 is inserted into a sheath tube composed of glass, which has a longitudinal axis and an inner bore, and is thermally treated therein. In order to subject the intermediate product to a thermal and/or reactive treatment that is reproducible and uniform in its effect from this starting point, it is proposed in one embodiment that into the sheath tube's inner bore a first gas-permeable gas diffuser is inserted which is displaceable along the sheath tube's longitudinal axis and is pressed against the intermediate product during the thermal treatment.

Abstract: In known methods for producing a glass component, a void-containing intermediate product containing doped or non-doped SiO2 is inserted into a sheath tube composed of glass, which has a longitudinal axis and an inner bore, and is thermally treated therein. In order to subject the intermediate product to a thermal and/or reactive treatment that is reproducible and uniform in its effect from this starting point, it is proposed in one embodiment that into the sheath tube's inner bore a first gas-permeable gas diffuser is inserted which is displaceable along the sheath tube's longitudinal axis and is pressed against the intermediate product during the thermal treatment.

Abstract: An assembly includes first and second ropes and a suspension element. The first rope is securable to a first attachment in a work area. A person can be coupled to the first rope. The second rope is available for lowering the person. The suspension element is secured in a securing region. A force-transmitting coupling is creatable between the second rope and the suspension element. The first and second ropes are coupled to each other over a first lowering region. The second rope is decoupleable non-destructively from the first rope from an end of the first lowering region. A person can be lowered in a second lowering region by the second rope. The weight of the person in the second lowering region is transferable from the second rope via the suspension element to the securing region.

Abstract: Provided is a set of mass labels, each mass label in the set comprising a mass marker moiety attached via a cleavable linker to a mass normalization moiety, each mass label in the set having a common mass; wherein the set comprises a plurality of groups of mass labels, the mass of the mass marker moiety being the same for mass labels within a group, the mass of the mass marker moiety being different between groups; the mass marker moiety is capable of fragmentation into two or three fragments; and the mass of at least one fragment of the mass marker moiety differs between mass labels within a group.

Abstract: Provided is a set of two or more mass labels, each label in the set comprising a mass marker moiety attached via a cleavable linker having at least one amide bond to a mass normalization moiety, wherein the aggregate mass of each label in the set may be the same or different and the mass of the mass marker moiety of each label in the set may be the same or different, and wherein in any group of labels within the set having a mass marker moiety of a common mass each label has an aggregate mass different from all other labels in that group, and wherein in any group of labels within the set having a common aggregate mass each label has a mass marker moiety having a mass different from that of all other mass marker moieties in that group, such that all of the mass labels in the set are distinguishable from each other by mass spectrometry, and wherein the mass marker moiety comprises an amino acid and the mass normalization moiety comprises an amino acid.

Abstract: Provided is a method for characterising an analyte by matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry, which method comprises: (a) labelling the analyte with a light-absorbing label that absorbs light at a pre-determined frequency, to form a labelled analyte; (b) embedding the labelled analyte in a matrix formed from at least one compound that absorbs light, to form an embedded labelled analyte; (c) desorbing the embedded labelled analyte by exposing it to light having the pre-determined frequency, to form a desorbed analyte; and (d) detecting the desorbed analyte by mass spectrometry to characterise the analyte; wherein the light absorbing label comprises a fluorophore moiety, and wherein prior to detecting by mass spectrometry, the analyte is selected for detection on the basis of its fluorophore moiety.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing hydroxyindolylglyoxylamides in high yields and particularly pure form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a previously known method for producing synthetic silica glass, comprising the following steps: a gas stream containing a vaporizable initial substance, which can be converted into SiO2 by means of oxidation or flame hydrolysis, is formed; the gas stream is delivered to a reaction zone in which the initial substance is converted so as to form amorphous SiO2 particles; the amorphous SiO2 particles are deposited on a support so as to form an SiO2 layer; and the SiO2 is vitrified during or following deposition of the SiO2 particles in order to obtain the silica glass. The aim of the invention is to create an economical method for producing synthetic silica glass, which is characterized by a favorable damaging behavior towards short-wave UV radiation while being particularly suitable for producing an optical component used for transmitting high-energy ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of 250 nm or less.

Abstract: A unit carrier for secondary units of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine, having secondary unit attachment devices and engine block attachment devices. The unit carrier has a planned deformation point, which allows a relative displacement between the secondary unit and the engine block in case of a vehicle collision, if a predefined force is exceeded. The unit carrier is used in motor vehicles having a front engine arrangement.

Abstract: Provided is a set of two or more mass labels, each label in the set comprising a mass marker moiety attached via a cleavable linker having at least one amide bond to a mass normalisation moiety, wherein the aggregate mass of each label in the set may be the same or different and the mass of the mass marker moiety of each label in the set may be the same or different, and wherein in any group of labels within the set having a mass marker moiety of a common mass each label has an aggregate mass different from all other labels in that group, and wherein in any group of labels within the set having a common aggregate mass each label has a mass marker moiety having a mass different from that of all other mass marker moieties in that group, such that all of the mass labels in the set are distinguishable from each other by mass spectromety, and wherein the mass marker moiety comprises an amino acid and the mass normalisation moiety comprises an amino acid.

Abstract: A unit carrier for secondary units of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine, having secondary unit attachment devices and engine block attachment devices. The unit carrier has a planned deformation point, which allows a relative displacement between the secondary unit and the engine block in case of a vehicle collision, if a predefined force is exceeded. The unit carrier is used in motor vehicles having a front engine arrangement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing hydroxyindolylglyoxylamides in high yields and particularly pure form.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel modifications of the compound 2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-1-ethoxy-carbonylaminobenzene of the processes for their preparation and their use in pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel modifications of the compound 2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-1-ethoxy-carbonylaminobenzene of the formula I ##STR1## processes for their preparation and their use in pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A process for coating printed circuit boards with a coating composition that is crosslinkable by electromagnetic radiation, especially UV radiation, using the roll coating process, is distinguished by the following process steps:a photopolymerisable, meltable, low-molecular-weight coating composition that is highly viscous to solid at room temperature and has an average molecular weight of preferably from 500 to 1500 is melted and fed to the applicator roll of a roll coating apparatus;the coating composition is coated at a temperature of approximately from 60.degree. to 110.degree. C. and a viscosity of approximately from 1000 to 20000 mPas on to the surface(s) of a printed circuit board in a thickness of approximately from 10 to 200 .mu.m,the surface of the printed circuit board to be coated being pre-heated, prior to coating, to a temperature that is approximately from 10.degree. to 50.degree. C. higher than the application temperature of the coating composition.