Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with invoice record and receipt record matching utilizing best match criteria are described. In one embodiment, a method includes matching a plurality of invoice records to a plurality of receipt records based on a first set of criteria. When an invoice record matches no more than one receipt record, the invoice record is marked to indicate that the invoice record is matched to the receipt record. When an invoice record matches at least two receipt records based on the first set of criteria, one of the at least two receipt records is selected as a best match receipt record based on a second set of criteria. The invoice record is marked to indicate that the invoice record is matched to the selected receipt record. The invoice records determined to have matching receipt records are transmitted for payment by a financial system.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with invoice record and receipt record matching with automatic discrepancy resolution are described. In one embodiment, a method includes matching an invoice record to a receipt record and determining any remaining quantity discrepancy amount or cost discrepancy amount between the matched invoice record and receipt record. At least one tolerance window is identified, from a set of tolerance windows, into which the quantity discrepancy amount and the cost discrepancy amount fall. At least one resolution action, of a set of resolution actions, is identified which is mapped to the at least one identified tolerance window. A computing system is automatically triggered to perform the at least one identified resolution action to resolve the quantity discrepancy amount and the cost discrepancy amount.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with invoice record and receipt record matching with automatic discrepancy resolution are described. In one embodiment, a method includes matching an invoice record to a receipt record and determining any remaining quantity discrepancy amount or cost discrepancy amount between the matched invoice record and receipt record. At least one tolerance window is identified, from a set of tolerance windows, into which the quantity discrepancy amount and the cost discrepancy amount fall. At least one resolution action, of a set of resolution actions, is identified which is mapped to the at least one identified tolerance window. A computing system is automatically triggered to perform the at least one identified resolution action to resolve the quantity discrepancy amount and the cost discrepancy amount.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with invoice record and receipt record matching utilizing best match criteria are described. In one embodiment, a method includes matching a plurality of invoice records to a plurality of receipt records based on a first set of criteria. When an invoice record matches no more than one receipt record, the invoice record is marked to indicate that the invoice record is matched to the receipt record. When an invoice record matches at least two receipt records based on the first set of criteria, one of the at least two receipt records is selected as a best match receipt record based on a second set of criteria. The invoice record is marked to indicate that the invoice record is matched to the selected receipt record. The invoice records determined to have matching receipt records are transmitted for payment by a financial system.

Abstract: A method of negotiating a proper communication protocol between a reader device (10) and a data carrier (20) is disclosed. In a first step, when the data carrier (20) is inserted into the reader device (10) at a first point in time (t1), the data carrier (20) provides information to the reader device (10), which communication protocols are supported by the data carrier (20), by means of a binary value (BV). In a next step, the reader device (10) chooses/sets one of the possible communication protocols according to its own capability. This choice is provided to the data carrier (20) by applying a clock signal (CLK) of a certain frequency (f), which is associated with the chosen/set communication protocol, to an input contact (C3) of the data carrier (20) at a second point in time (t2). Finally, the data carrier (20) sets the chosen communication protocol received from the reader device (10), thereby finalizing the negotiation sequence.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a magnetron sputter cathode, in particular a tube cathode or several tube cathodes forming an array. In such cathodes a target passes through a magnetic field, whereby induction currents flow in the target which distort the magnetic field. This results in the nonuniform coating of a substrate. By having the relative movement between magnetic field and target alternately reverse its direction, the effect of the magnetic field distortion can be compensated. This yields greater uniformity of the coating on a substrate to be coated.

Abstract: A method of negotiating a proper communication protocol between a reader device (10) and a data carrier (20) is disclosed. In a first step, when the data carrier (20) is inserted into the reader device (10) at a first point in time (t1), the data carrier (20) provides information to the reader device (10), which communication protocols are supported by the data carrier (20), by means of a binary value (BV). In a next step, the reader device (10) chooses/sets one of the possible communication protocols according to its own capability. This choice is provided to the data carrier (20) by applying a clock signal (CLK) of a certain frequency (f), which is associated with the chosen/set communication protocol, to an input contact (C3) of the data carrier (20) at a second point in time (t2). Finally, the data carrier (20) sets the chosen communication protocol received from the reader device (10), thereby finalizing the negotiation sequence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining physical properties of an optical layer or layer system by means of spectral transmission and/or reflection measurements, whereby in accordance with the spectrum of the transmission and/or reflection measurement, reference values for the wavelength-dependent refractive indices n0 and/or extinction coefficients k0 are chosen from known values or are determined experimentally and the variation that characterizes the layer is described by wavelength-independent variation constants Kn and Kk for the refractive indices and extinction coefficients.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a magnetron sputter cathode, in particular a tube cathode or several tube cathodes forming an array. In such cathodes a target passes through a magnetic field, whereby induction currents flow in the target which distort the magnetic field. This results in the nonuniform coating of a substrate. By having the relative movement between magnetic field and target alternately reverse its direction, the effect of the magnetic field distortion can be compensated. This yields greater uniformity of the coating on a substrate to be coated.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting polymerization in the preparation of (meth)acrylic esters of C1-C8-alcohols, wherein the pH of the water of reaction supplied to the C1-C8-alcohol recovery is greater than 7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining physical properties of an optical layer or layer system by means of spectral transmission and/or reflection measurements, whereby in accordance with the spectrum of the transmission and/or reflection measurement, reference values for the wavelength-dependent refractive indices n0 and/or extinction coefficients k0 are chosen from known values or are determined experimentally and the variation that characterizes the layer is described by wavelength-independent variation constants Kn and Kk for the refractive indices and extinction coefficients.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device for measuring the degree of transmission of a coating on a glass plate. The glass plate rests on a support relative to which it is shifted. The support is provided with a gap enabling a light beam to pass through the glass plate and to impinge on a light receiver. Thus, the degree of transmission of the coating can be determined. Further, the reflection and the electric resistance of the coating can be measured by the measuring device.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of unsaturated cyclic ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## in which Z denotes --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q or --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q --O--q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 andR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl from diols of the general formula II ##STR2## in which, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 have the aforementioned meanings, in the presence of a cobalt-containing supported catalyst, wherein the cobalt-containing supported catalyst used contains cobalt and a noble metal--selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, rhenium, or mixtures thereof--in an atomic ratio of from 0.5:1 to 70000:1 on an inert support and optionally basic alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, scandium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, germanium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, or mixtures thereof and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at temperatures ranging from 150.degree. to 300.degree.