Abstract: An objective for endoscopes with a lateral objective lens comprises an elongated prism having a convex proximal end surface and a distal end on which are joined by cementing after alignment on an optical axis, a diaphragm, a negative lens and optionally a wedge-shaped support, to form an indissoluble unit. The lens, the diaphragm and the support if present are provided with sections protruding radially beyond a desired periphery of the objective, which sections are ground off together to the dimension of the prism circumference, so that a rod-shaped objective unit is formed.

Abstract: An endoscope optical system comprising rod lenses between the objective and ocular lenses has the feature that gradient rod lenses, whose lengths each end centrally between two intermediate images, are installed with small spacings between the ocular and objective lenses. To this end, the rod lenses terminate centrally between two intermediate images and the distal and proximal gradient rod lenses have no more than half the length of the spacing between said intermediate images.

Abstract: An endoscope is disclosed for determining the size of an object in a cavity, for example in a human or animal body or in a machine. The endoscope comprises an optical system for viewing the object laterally from its distal end. The transmission system has an image plane, visible through an eyepiece, on which a measuring scale is provided. By viewing a selected part of the object simultaneously or successively from two different angles, with a predetermined distance between their vertices, at a constant lateral distance from the endoscope, images of the object can be seen at two different positions on the measuring scale, from which the size of the object can be calculated.

Abstract: This invention relates to an endoscope optical system for macroscopic overall view observation and for microscopic detail observation after contacting an object by an objective viewing aperture, the system comprising an objective lens group, an occular lens group and a relay lens group wherein a displaceable lens or lens group is disposed between the occular and relay lens groups, the displacable lens or lens group being moveable through a first overall view range between limits towards and away from the relay lens group defining a first macroscopic magnification and a second detail view range between limits towards and away from the relay lens group defining a second microscopic magnification, the first range of movement being closer to the occular lens group than the second range and the ranges being spaced apart between the occular and the relay lens groups.

Abstract: A portable measuring device for testing optical systems of an endoscope consisting of a base plate, a rail with a longitudinally extending V groove for receiving a portion of the endoscope being mounted to extend parallel to the plate on a carriage movable at right angles to the groove. The device includes a vertical shaft mounted on the plate and terminating at one end in a conical point and the shaft carries at least one extension arm which is mounted to pivot in a plane parallel to the base plate. Each arm adjustably supports a measuring disk which can have its height above the plate changed or its distance from the shaft changed.

Abstract: This invention relates to endoscopes of the kind incorporating a beam splitter for direct observation and joint observation by means of a folded optical system substantially larger in diameter than the endoscope or for connection of a film or television camera to the folded optical system.According to the invention, an opaque plate is mounted to face the folded optical system relative to the optical axis of a first part of said system in a tubular member the opaque plate having a small perforation arranged to pass light, the light spot of which is formed via a lens via the beam splitter via an achromatic lens with the image of the object in a common plane in a field lens and is guided together with the object image via the lens system of the folded optical system to an eye piece of the latter.

Abstract: An endoscope telescope comprising first and second telescopically mounted tubular members of which the second tubular member is mounted in said first tubular member for movement relative thereto, at least two objective lens means and at least two ocular lens means of which the most distal objective lens means and the most distal ocular lens means are positioned in said first tubular member and the most proximal objective lens means and most proximal ocular lens means are positioned in said second tubular member, and an image transmitting system arranged in said second tubular member between the most proximal objective lens means and the most distal ocular lens means.