Abstract: An organic photovoltaic cell (100) having a pair of electrodes (113,114) and a photoactive layer (112) comprising a photoactive material, and means (111) to control and/or regulate the operating temperature of the cell (100).

Abstract: A method of forming a relief pattern on the surface of a substrate comprises the steps of providing a substrate, coating a thin layer of polymeric material onto the substrate, drying the polymeric material to leave residual lateral stress within the material, bringing a patterned stamp into contact with the polymeric material and applying pressure to the stamp such that the polymeric material ruptures patternwise and dewets at the surface of the substrate to form openings in the polymeric layer according to the pattern on the stamp.

Abstract: A multiple layer photosensitive element having at least three differently sensitised photosensitive layers on one side of a support, such as a, transparent flexible support, is imagewise exposed according to a desired circuit pattern and developed to form two layers of conductive track patterns from each photosensitive layer, which may then be connected together by forming vias by drilling or in situ generation. The resulting multiple layer conductive element has application in the field of printed circuit board manufacture or as the backplane electronic element of a flexible display device.

Abstract: Silver particles having controlled and predetermined properties of size, morphology and size distribution for use in manufacturing of conductive inks, conductive fillers and/or conductive coatings are provided by forming a dispersion of silver halide particles in a carrier medium such as gelatin and treating the dispersion such that the silver halide particles are converted into the desired silver particles.

Abstract: A multiple layer photosensitive element having at least three differently sensitised photosensitive layers on one side of a support, such as a, transparent flexible support, is imagewise exposed according to a desired circuit pattern and developed to form two layers of conductive track patterns from each photosensitive layer, which may then be connected together by forming vias by drilling or in situ generation. The resulting multiple layer conductive element has application in the field of printed circuit board manufacture or as the backplane electronic element of a flexible display device.

Abstract: A high contrast photographic material comprises a support bearing a silver halide emulsion layer, containing in the emulsion layer or in an adjacent hydrophilic layer, a hydrazide nucleating agent characterized in that the emulsion layer contains silver halide grains of octahedral character which are spectrally sensitized and silver halide grains which are not octahedral in character eg cubic. Preferably only the grains which are octahedral in character are spectrally sensitized. Preferably the emulsion layer or an adjacent hydrophilic colloid layer contains a booster compound eg an amine rendering the material developable in a developer solution having a pH below 11. Preferably both types of grain are chemically sensitized. The use of tabular grains as causer emulsions enhances the absorption characteristics of the dyes so that as well as providing high photographic sensitivity the dye peaks are broadened.