Abstract: An apparatus for intraoperative nerve identification and/or visualization of a target of interest of a living subject comprises a light source; an imaging head configured to acquire a polarized diffuse reflectance spectral image from the illuminated target of interest; and a controller configured to control the imaging head and to process the acquired polarized diffuse reflectance spectral image.

Abstract: A probe for label-free visualization of a target of interest (TOI) includes a delivering means for delivering light to illuminate the TOI therewith; a collecting means for collecting light from the illuminated TOI; an imaging means for acquiring polarized diffuse reflectance spectral (DRS) images from the illuminated TOI; and a controller configured to control the imaging means and process the polarized DRS images; identify a normalization spectral marker corresponding to a wavelength least absorbed by the TOI; identify tissue spectral marker(s) corresponding to a wavelength of statistically significant reflectance intensity; normalize the polarized DRS images based on the normalization spectral marker; identify reflectance intensity ratios between the normalization spectral marker and the tissue spectral marker(s) present in the normalized polarized DRS images; and identify tissue types including nerves visualized in the TOI based at least on a threshold associated with the reflectance intensity ratios.

Abstract: An apparatus for intraoperative nerve identification and/or visualization of a target of interest of a living subject comprises a light source; an imaging head configured to acquire a polarized diffuse reflectance spectral image from the illuminated target of interest; and a controller configured to control the imaging head and to process the acquired polarized diffuse reflectance spectral image.

Abstract: An apparatus or handheld probe for intraoperative nerve identification and/or visualization of a target of interest of a living subject includes a light source for emitting a beam of light to illuminate a target of interest; a light delivering means for delivering the beam of light emitted from the light source onto the target of interest so as to illuminate the target of interest therewith; and an imaging head positioned over the target of interest for acquiring polarized diffuse reflectance spectral images of light from the illuminated target of interest responsive to the illumination, for identifying and/or visualizing one or more nerves in the target of interest.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for orthopedic implant assessment. A method includes characterizing wear of an orthopedic implant including measuring a dimension in a direction that defines a path that passes through an articulating surface of a wear element of the orthopedic implant using at least one thickness sensor. An apparatus includes an orthopedic implant including a wear element having an articulating surface; and at least one thickness sensor coupled to the wear element, the at least one thickness sensor measuring a dimension in a direction that defines a path that passes through the articulating surface of the wear element. A method includes characterizing forces within an orthopedic implant including using a plurality of individually addressable pressure sensors including measuring parasitic impedance between at least two of the plurality of individually addressable pressure sensors.