Abstract: A head assembly system for a deionization vessel, that is convertible between a first head assembly and a second head assembly. The first head assembly includes an interchangeable head including a first threaded section; and a first insert arranged entirely within a cavity of the first threaded section. The first threaded section is threaded into a larger threaded opening of a deionization vessel. The second head assembly includes the interchangeable head; a second insert arranged partially within the cavity; and a collar threaded on the first threaded section to removably secure the second insert to the interchangeable head. The second insert includes a second threaded section arranged outside of the cavity. The second threaded section is threaded into smaller threaded opening of a deionization vessel.

Abstract: A turbocharger system and hybrid turbocharger, and a method of operating the same, are provided for a vehicle having an engine with an air intake and an exhaust. The hybrid turbocharger includes: a turbine having a turbine shaft, the turbine configured to receive gases from the exhaust and drive rotation of the turbine shaft; a compressor having a compressor shaft, the compressor configured to receive ambient air and supply compressed air to the air intake of the engine; a clutch connected to the turbine shaft and compressor shaft, the clutch configured to selectively engage the compressor shaft to the turbine shaft for rotation together; and a motor generator unit operably coupled to the compressor shaft. The system and hybrid turbocharger may also include a power controller operatively connected to the motor generator unit, and an electrical storage system operatively connected to the power controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for pre-conditioning a vehicle comprises a battery in the vehicle configured to store and supply electric power; a wireless power receiver configured to wirelessly receive electric power from an external power supply device; a power controller configured to transfer the electric power received at the wireless power receiver to the battery and to control charging and discharging of the battery; and a pre-conditioner connected to the battery and configured to pre-condition a device which needs to be operated before the vehicle is operated by using off-board energy of the battery.

Abstract: An apparatus for pre-conditioning a vehicle comprises a battery in the vehicle configured to store and supply electric power; a wireless power receiver configured to wirelessly receive electric power from an external power supply device; a power controller configured to transfer the electric power received at the wireless power receiver to the battery and to control charging and discharging of the battery; and a pre-conditioner connected to the battery and configured to pre-condition a device which needs to be operated before the vehicle is operated by using off-board energy of the battery.