Abstract: A limited scope blockchain system supports onboarding and payments via linked databases including an append-only database and a secondary database holding transaction requests that have not been applied to the blockchain.

Abstract: A blockchain is identified by a plurality of certificates of different types. The certificate format is optimized to be compact and easily described. Parsing the certificate is secure. The certificate is extendible through a self-describing mechanism.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access wireless device that includes a magnetic field generator and a remote controller coupled to remote access wireless device wireless communications circuitry and the magnetic field generator. The system may also include a lock assembly for a door and that includes a magnetic sensor and a lock controller coupled to a lock, lock wireless communications circuitry, and the magnetic sensor. The remote controller may communicate a magnetic field characteristic with the lock wireless communications circuitry, and cooperate with the magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field based upon the magnetic field characteristic. The lock controller may cooperate with the magnetic sensor to sense the magnetic field, compare the sensed magnetic field to the magnetic field characteristic, and enable lock unlocking when the sensed magnetic field has a sensed magnetic field characteristic that matches the magnetic field characteristic.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access wireless device that includes a magnetic sensor and a remote controller coupled to remote wireless communications circuitry and the magnetic sensor. The system may also include a lock assembly for a door that includes a magnetic field generator and a lock controller coupled to a lock, lock wireless communications circuitry, and the magnetic field generator. The lock controller may communicate a magnetic field characteristic with the remote wireless communications circuitry, and cooperate with the magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field based upon the magnetic field characteristic. The remote controller may cooperate with the magnetic sensor to sense the magnetic field, compare the sensed magnetic field to the magnetic field characteristic, and communicate to enable lock unlocking when the sensed magnetic field has a sensed magnetic field characteristic that matches the magnetic field characteristic.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access device and a lock assembly. The lock assembly may include a lock, a door position sensor, interior and exterior directional antennas, wireless communications circuitry, a touch sensor, and a lock controller. The lock controller may unlock the lock based upon the touch sensor, determine when the door is closed after being opened based upon the door position sensor, and determine whether the remote access device is in an interior or exterior based upon the directional antennas. The lock controller may also lock the lock when the door is closed and when the remote device is in the interior. The controller may operate in an automatic calibration mode to generate adjusted interior and exterior received signal values and, based upon the adjusted received signal values, enable and disable unlocking when the remote access device is in the exterior and interior, respectively.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access device and a lock assembly. The lock assembly may include a lock, a door position sensor, interior and exterior directional antennas, wireless communications circuitry, a touch sensor, and a lock controller. The lock controller may unlock the lock based upon the touch sensor, determine when the door is closed after being opened based upon the door position sensor, and determine whether the remote access device is in an interior or exterior based upon the directional antennas. The lock controller may also lock the lock when the door is closed and when the remote device is in the interior. The controller may operate in an automatic calibration mode to generate adjusted interior and exterior received signal values and, based upon the adjusted received signal values, enable and disable unlocking when the remote access device is in the exterior and interior, respectively.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access wireless device that includes a magnetic sensor and a remote controller coupled to remote wireless communications circuitry and the magnetic sensor. The system may also include a lock assembly for a door that includes a magnetic field generator and a lock controller coupled to a lock, lock wireless communications circuitry, and the magnetic field generator. The lock controller may communicate a magnetic field characteristic with the remote wireless communications circuitry, and cooperate with the magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field based upon the magnetic field characteristic. The remote controller may cooperate with the magnetic sensor to sense the magnetic field, compare the sensed magnetic field to the magnetic field characteristic, and communicate to enable lock unlocking when the sensed magnetic field has a sensed magnetic field characteristic that matches the magnetic field characteristic.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access wireless device that includes a magnetic field generator and a remote controller coupled to remote access wireless device wireless communications circuitry and the magnetic field generator. The system may also include a lock assembly for a door and that includes a magnetic sensor and a lock controller coupled to a lock, lock wireless communications circuitry, and the magnetic sensor. The remote controller may communicate a magnetic field characteristic with the lock wireless communications circuitry, and cooperate with the magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field based upon the magnetic field characteristic. The lock controller may cooperate with the magnetic sensor to sense the magnetic field, compare the sensed magnetic field to the magnetic field characteristic, and enable lock unlocking when the sensed magnetic field has a sensed magnetic field characteristic that matches the magnetic field characteristic.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access wireless device to be carried by a user, and a lock assembly to be mounted on a door and that may include a lock, inside and outside directional antennas, lock wireless communications circuitry coupled to the directional antennas, and a lock controller coupled to the lock and the lock wireless communications circuitry. The lock controller may be configured to operate in an automatic calibration mode to generate adjusted inside and outside received signal values based upon signals received respectively by the inside and outside directional antennas responsive to transmissions from the remote access wireless device. The lock controller may also be configured to enable lock unlocking when the adjusted received signal values indicate the remote access wireless device is outside, and disable lock unlocking when the adjusted received signal values indicate the remote access wireless device is inside.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access wireless device that includes a magnetic sensor and a remote controller coupled to remote wireless communications circuitry and the magnetic sensor. The system may also include a lock assembly for a door that includes a magnetic field generator and a lock controller coupled to a lock, lock wireless communications circuitry, and the magnetic field generator. The lock controller may communicate a magnetic field characteristic with the remote wireless communications circuitry, and cooperate with the magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field based upon the magnetic field characteristic. The remote controller may cooperate with the magnetic sensor to sense the magnetic field, compare the sensed magnetic field to the magnetic field characteristic, and communicate to enable lock unlocking when the sensed magnetic field has a sensed magnetic field characteristic that matches the magnetic field characteristic.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access wireless device that includes a magnetic field generator and a remote controller coupled to remote access wireless device wireless communications circuitry and the magnetic field generator. The system may also include a lock assembly for a door and that includes a magnetic sensor and a lock controller coupled to a lock, lock wireless communications circuitry, and the magnetic sensor. The remote controller may communicate a magnetic field characteristic with the lock wireless communications circuitry, and cooperate with the magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field based upon the magnetic field characteristic. The lock controller may cooperate with the magnetic sensor to sense the magnetic field, compare the sensed magnetic field to the magnetic field characteristic, and enable lock unlocking when the sensed magnetic field has a sensed magnetic field characteristic that matches the magnetic field characteristic.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access wireless device that includes a magnetic sensor and a remote controller coupled to remote wireless communications circuitry and the magnetic sensor. The system may also include a lock assembly for a door that includes a magnetic field generator and a lock controller coupled to a lock, lock wireless communications circuitry, and the magnetic field generator. The lock controller may communicate a magnetic field characteristic with the remote wireless communications circuitry, and cooperate with the magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field based upon the magnetic field characteristic. The remote controller may cooperate with the magnetic sensor to sense the magnetic field, compare the sensed magnetic field to the magnetic field characteristic, and communicate to enable lock unlocking when the sensed magnetic field has a sensed magnetic field characteristic that matches the magnetic field characteristic.

Abstract: A wireless access control system may include a remote access wireless device that includes a magnetic field generator and a remote controller coupled to remote access wireless device wireless communications circuitry and the magnetic field generator. The system may also include a lock assembly for a door and that includes a magnetic sensor and a lock controller coupled to a lock, lock wireless communications circuitry, and the magnetic sensor. The remote controller may communicate a magnetic field characteristic with the lock wireless communications circuitry, and cooperate with the magnetic field generator to generate a magnetic field based upon the magnetic field characteristic. The lock controller may cooperate with the magnetic sensor to sense the magnetic field, compare the sensed magnetic field to the magnetic field characteristic, and enable lock unlocking when the sensed magnetic field has a sensed magnetic field characteristic that matches the magnetic field characteristic.

Abstract: A system may include a lock assembly that includes a lock, lock wireless communications circuitry, and a lock controller switchable between lock controller enrollment and operational modes. A remote device may include remote access wireless communications circuitry, and a remote access controller switchable between remote access controller enrollment and operational modes. The remote access controller, when in the enrollment mode, pairs the remote device with the lock assembly, and when in operational mode and paired, transmits a command. The lock controller may, when in the enrollment mode, determines whether the remote device is in the enrollment mode and within a threshold distance from the lock assembly less than a communication distance therebetween, and pairs with the remote device based upon being in the enrollment mode and within the threshold distance, and, when the lock controller is in the operational mode, switch the lock based upon the command.

Abstract: A wireless access control system includes a remote access device and an electronic lock. The electronic lock communicates with the remote access device. The electronic lock controls the ability to lock and unlock a door in which the electronic lock is disposed. The electronic lock determines when the remote access device is at a distance less than or equal to a predetermined distance from the lock to enable the lock to be unlocked.