Abstract: An azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition consisting essentially of effective amounts of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) and 1-chloro-1,2-difluoroethane (HCFC-142a). Methods for separating the azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition and/or exploiting the composition in extractive and pressure swing distillation are also disclosed in connection with methods of manufacturing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143).

Abstract: An azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition consisting essentially of effective amounts of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) and 1-chloro-1,2-difluoroethane (HCFC-142a). Methods for separating the azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition and/or exploiting the composition in extractive and pressure swing distillation are also disclosed in connection with methods of manufacturing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143).

Abstract: An azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition consisting essentially of effective amounts of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143). Methods for separating the azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition and/or exploiting the composition in extractive and pressure swing distillation are also disclosed in connection with methods of manufacturing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143).

Abstract: An azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition consisting essentially of effective amounts of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143). Methods for separating the azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition and/or exploiting the composition in extractive and pressure swing distillation are also disclosed in connection with methods of manufacturing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143).

Abstract: An azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition consisting essentially of effective amounts of 1-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-133b) and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143). Methods for separating the azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition and/or exploiting the composition in extractive and pressure swing distillation are also disclosed in connection with methods of manufacturing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143).

Abstract: Azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions and, in particular, azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of, or consisting of, (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (HCFO-1233yd(Z)) with each of ethanol and methanol, as well as azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of, or consisting of, (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (HCFO-1233yd(Z)), ethanol and trans-dichloroethylene (trans-DCE), and azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of, or consisting of, (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (HCFO-1233yd(Z)), methanol and trans-dichloroethylene (trans-DCE), and solvent applications of the foregoing compositions.

Abstract: Two methods for reducing CFC impurities and, in particular, CFC-114, in the HFO-1234ze(E) production process from the reaction of CFC-113 and HF. The first method involves subjecting an intermediate or recycle stream to separation and distillation to purge CFC-113 from the process. The second method involves operating the separation at a higher pressure avoids the formation of an azeotrope between CFC-113 and HFC-245fa. The CFC-113/HFC245fa azeotrope is discussed, as well as other optional processes for removal or mitigation of CFC-113 which include further separations that remove CFC-114 from the HFO-1234ze(E) product and/or CFC-113 from the HFC-245fa feed to produce an HFO-1234ze(E) product that is largely free from CFC-114 and other CFC impurities.

Abstract: An immunogenic gel compositions for oral administration and methods of immunizing an animal the methods including administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of an immunogenic gel composition comprising an antigen of an animal pathogen and a gel composition for oral administration.

Abstract: A system and method for extending the path length of an electromagnetic wave signal traveling between apertures is disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to liquid containers and liquid container lids and/or filters. Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to liquid container lids having a filling aperture and/or a drinking aperture.

Abstract: A system and method for extending the path length of an electromagnetic wave signal traveling between apertures is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for extending the path length of an electromagnetic wave signal traveling between apertures is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for extending the path length of an electromagnetic wave signal traveling between apertures is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of mapping into tessellating triangles an area from a set of sample point spaced over the area. First, each point is connected to every other point to create a group of lines. Then the number of intersections of each line is counted. The line or lines with the greatest number of intersections is removed from the group. The counting and line removal steps are repeated until the group is confined to lines with no intersections, these lines defining triangles. The invention has particular application to the division into triangles of an area served by a wireless LAN, in order to display the variation of a radio signal parameter across the area.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of mapping into tessellating triangles an area from a set of sample points spaced over the area. First, each point is connected to every other point to create a group of lines, then the number of intersections of each line is counted. The line or lines with the greatest number of intersections is removed from the group. The counting and line removal steps are repeated until the group is confined to lines with no intersections, these lines defining the triangles. The invention has particular application to the division into triangles of an area served by a wireless LAN, in order to display the variation of a radio signal parameter across the area.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of determining the effectiveness of radio communication over an area covered by a wireless LAN. A value of a signal parameter, such as stability or throughput, is detected at each of a plurality of sample points spaced over the area. The variation in the parameter over the area is shown in colour on a display.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of determining the stability of a signal parameter (such as throughput) in data transmitted in a wireless LAN. A plurality of values of the parameter are detected over a predetermined time and an average value calculated. The difference between the average value and each of the plurality of values is then determined. The modulus values of the differences are summed and divided by the number in the plurality to obtain a figure representative of stability.