Abstract: Methods of forming structures from layered viscoelastic materials are disclosed. In some embodiments, such methods may include covering at least a portion of a first viscoelastic material layer disposed on a substrate with a portion of at least a second viscoelastic material layer and containing a quantity of gas within a space defined between a portion of the substrate, a portion of the first viscoelastic material layer and a portion of the second viscoelastic material layer. The methods may further include forming at least one discrete fluid path between the defined space containing the quantity of gas and the vacuum, and removing at least a portion of the quantity of gas from the defined space through the at least one discrete fluid path. Additionally, elastomer structures comprising at least one void defined therein, the at least one void exhibiting at least a partial vacuum, are disclosed.