Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to breath analysis system. In an embodiment, a gas measurement device is included having a housing defining an interior volume. The housing can include a fluid ingress port, a fluid egress port, a bottom wall, and a circuit board disposed within the interior volume. The circuit board can include a first side and a second side, where the first side of the circuit board faces inward toward the interior volume. The circuit board can include a plurality of gas sensors disposed on the first side of the circuit board and a plurality of conductive pads disposed on the second side of the circuit board, wherein a plurality of electrical contacts contact the conductive pads when the circuit board is seated within the housing. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments include chemical sensors, devices and systems including the same, and related methods. In an embodiment, a medical device is provided. The medical device can include a graphene varactor, including a graphene layer and a self-assembled monolayer disposed on an outer surface of the graphene layer through electrostatic interactions between a partial positive charge on hydrogen atoms of one or more hydrocarbons of the self-assembled monolayer and a ?-electron system of graphene. The self-assembled monolayer can include one or more substituted porphyrins or substituted metalloporphyrins, or derivatives thereof. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include a kinetic response system for measuring analyte presence on a chemical sensor element. The chemical sensor element includes one or more discrete binding detectors, each discrete binding detector including a graphene varactor. The kinetic response system includes a measurement circuit having an excitation voltage generator for generating a series of excitation cycles over a time period. Each excitation cycle includes delivering a DC bias voltage to the discrete binding detectors at multiple discrete DC bias voltages across a range of DC bias voltages. The kinetic response system includes a capacitance sensor to measure capacitance of the discrete binding detectors resulting from the excitation cycles. The kinetic response system includes a controller circuit to determine the kinetics of change in at least one of a measured capacitance value and a calculated value based on the measured capacitance over the time period. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include a method for detecting a health condition of a subject. The method can include obtaining a biological sample from the subject and placing it into a container having a headspace surrounding the biological sample. The method can include contacting a gas from the headspace with a chemical sensor element, the chemical sensor element including one or more discrete graphene varactors. The method can include sensing and storing capacitance of the discrete graphene varactors to obtain a sample data set. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to systems and devices for measuring analyte presence on graphene varactors, which can be used for analyte sensing in physiological gas samples. In an embodiment, a system for measuring analyte presence on a graphene varactor is included having a capacitance to digital converter (CDC) and a graphene varactor. The CDC can be in electrical communication with the graphene varactor and can be configured to measure the capacitance of the graphene varactor in response to an excitation signal over a plurality of DC bias voltages. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include a method for detecting a brain condition in a subject. The method can include obtaining a breath sample from the subject and contacting it with a chemical sensor element, where the chemical sensor element includes a plurality of discrete graphene varactors. The method can include sensing and storing capacitance of the discrete graphene varactors to obtain a sample data set and classifying the sample data set into one or more preestablished brain condition classifications. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include a kinetic response system for measuring analyte presence on a chemical sensor element. The chemical sensor element includes one or more discrete binding detectors, each discrete binding detector including a graphene varactor. The kinetic response system includes a measurement circuit having an excitation voltage generator for generating a series of excitation cycles over a time period. Each excitation cycle includes delivering a DC bias voltage to the discrete binding detectors at multiple discrete DC bias voltages across a range of DC bias voltages. The kinetic response system includes a capacitance sensor to measure capacitance of the discrete binding detectors resulting from the excitation cycles. The kinetic response system includes a controller circuit to determine the kinetics of change in at least one of a measured capacitance value and a calculated value based on the measured capacitance over the time period. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to systems and methods for utilizing hysteresis as a mechanism of analysis of a sample. A system for analyzing a fluid sample is included having a controller circuit and a chemical sensor element. The chemical sensor element can include one or more discrete binding detectors that can include one or more graphene varactors. The system can include measurement circuitry having an electrical voltage generator configured to generate an applied voltage at a plurality of voltage values to be applied to the one or more graphene varactors. The system can include a measurement circuit having a capacitance sensor configured to measure capacitance of the discrete binding detectors resulting from the applied voltage. The system for analyzing the fluid sample can be configured to measure hysteresis effects related to capacitance versus voltage values obtained from the one or more graphene varactors. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments include chemical sensors, devices and systems including the same, and related methods. In an embodiment, a medical device is provided. The medical device can include a graphene varactor, including a graphene layer and a self-assembled monolayer disposed on an outer surface of the graphene layer through electrostatic interactions between a partial positive charge on hydrogen atoms of one or more hydrocarbons of the self-assembled monolayer and a ?-electron system of graphene. The self-assembled monolayer can include one or more substituted porphyrins or substituted metalloporphyrins, or derivatives thereof. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include a method for detecting a brain condition in a subject. The method can include obtaining a breath sample from the subject and contacting it with a chemical sensor element, where the chemical sensor element includes a plurality of discrete graphene varactors. The method can include sensing and storing capacitance of the discrete graphene varactors to obtain a sample data set and classifying the sample data set into one or more preestablished brain condition classifications. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include a breath sampling mask, systems, and related methods. In an embodiment, a breath sensing system is included. The breath sensing system can include a breath sampling mask. The breath sampling mask can include a mask housing configured to cover a portion of the face of a patient. The mask housing can define a breath receiving chamber. The breath sampling mask can include a chemical sensor element in fluid communication with the breath sampling mask, where the chemical sensor element can include a plurality of discrete binding detectors. The chemical sensor element can interface with a breath sample collected through the breath sampling mask. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments include chemical sensors, devices and systems including the same, and related methods. In an embodiment, a medical device is provided. The medical device can include a graphene varactor, including a graphene layer and a self-assembled monolayer disposed on an outer surface of the graphene layer through electrostatic interactions between a partial positive charge on hydrogen atoms of one or more hydrocarbons of the self-assembled monolayer and a it-electron system of graphene. The self-assembled monolayer can include one or more substituted porphyrins or substituted metalloporphyrins, or derivatives thereof. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include gas sampling catheters, systems and related methods. In an embodiment, a gas sampling catheter is included. The catheter can include a catheter shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, the catheter shaft defining a lumen therein. The catheter can include a gas sampling port providing fluid communication between the exterior of the catheter shaft adjacent the distal end of the lumen of the catheter shaft. The catheter can further include a sensor element disposed in fluid communication with the lumen, the sensor element configured to detect a component of a gaseous sample. The sensor element can include a first measurement zone comprising a plurality of discrete binding detectors. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to chemical sensors, devices and systems including the same, and related methods. In an embodiment, a medical device is included having a graphene varactor. The graphene varactor includes a graphene layer and at least one non-covalent modification layer disposed on an outer surface of the graphene layer. The non-covalent modification layer can include nanoparticles selected from a group that can include one or more metals, metal oxides, or derivatives thereof. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to chemical sensors, devices and systems including the same, and related methods. In an embodiment, a medical device is included. The medical device can include a graphene varactor. The graphene varactor can include a graphene layer and a self-assembled monolayer disposed on an outer surface of the graphene layer through ?-? stacking interactions. The self-assembled monolayer can provide a Langmuir theta value of at least 0.9. The self-assembled monolayer can include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tetraphenylporphyrins or derivatives thereof, metallotetraphenylporphyrins, or aromatic cyclodextrins. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: The technology disclosed herein relates to, in part, a gas sampling device. According to some aspects, the gas sampling device has a housing defining an airflow aperture, a gas testing chamber and an airflow pathway extending from the airflow aperture to the gas testing chamber. The housing also defines a sensor receptacle configured to removably hold a disposable sensor test strip within the gas testing chamber and a docking structure configured to be received by a docking station.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include a breath sampling mask, systems, and related methods. In an embodiment, a breath sensing system is included. The breath sensing system can include a breath sampling mask. The breath sampling mask can include a mask housing configured to cover a portion of the face of a patient. The mask housing can define a breath receiving chamber. The breath sampling mask can include a chemical sensor element in fluid communication with the breath sampling mask, where the chemical sensor element can include a plurality of discrete binding detectors. The chemical sensor element can interface with a breath sample collected through the breath sampling mask. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to non-invasive bladder cancer detection systems and methods. In an embodiment, a method for detecting a disease state in a subject is included. The method includes obtaining a liquid biological sample from the subject and placing it into a container and contacting the liquid biological sample with a first chemical sensor element, where the first chemical sensor element can include a plurality of discrete graphene varactors. The method can include sensing and storing capacitance of each of the discrete graphene varactors to obtain a first sample data set. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to chemical sensors, devices and systems including the same, and related methods. In an embodiment, a medical device is included. The medical device can include a graphene varactor. The graphene varactor can include a graphene layer and a self-assembled monolayer disposed on an outer surface of the graphene layer through ?-? stacking interactions. The self-assembled monolayer can provide a Langmuir theta value of at least 0.9. The self-assembled monolayer can include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tetraphenylporphyrins or derivatives thereof, metallotetraphenylporphyrins, or aromatic cyclodextrins. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to systems and devices for measuring analyte presence on graphene varactors, which can be used for analyte sensing in physiological gas samples. In an embodiment, a system for measuring analyte presence on a graphene varactor is included having a capacitance to digital converter (CDC) and a graphene varactor. The CDC can be in electrical communication with the graphene varactor and can be configured to measure the capacitance of the graphene varactor in response to an excitation signal over a plurality of DC bias voltages. Other embodiments are also included herein.