Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising a memory configured to store a first token and a second token, and at least one processing core configured to obtain a first value based at least in part on the first token and the second token, and to cause the apparatus to participate in a security procedure, based at least in part on the first hash, with a second apparatus.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to receive from a first device a digital key, receive from a second device an encrypted data item, decrypt the encrypted data item using the digital key to obtain a decrypted data item, and verify the decrypted data item matches a reference data item, and responsive to the decrypted data item matching the reference data item, grant access to at least one of the first device and the second device.

Abstract: There is provided a radio system, having a receiver for receiving cell measurement data with respect to an own cell and adjacent cells of each user terminal of a plurality of cells of the radio system; a calculation unit for comparing resulting interference values of different user terminal combinations within the same frequency-time resource group of the radio system on the basis of the cell measurement data, the frequency-time resource group including user terminals of more than one cell; and a processing unit for controlling resource allocation in at least part of the frequency-time resource groups on the basis of the comparison.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising a memory configured to store a first token and a second token, and at least one processing core configured to obtain a first value based at least in part on the first token and the second token, and to cause the apparatus to participate in a security procedure, based at least in part on the first hash, with a second apparatus.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to receive from a first device a digital key, receive from a second device an encrypted data item, decrypt the encrypted data item using the digital key to obtain a decrypted data item, and verify the decrypted data item matches a reference data item, and responsive to the decrypted data item matching the reference data item, grant access to at least one of the first device and the second device.

Abstract: A method comprises receiving from a plurality of user equipment signal information for at least one cell, and using said information to determine if a candidate cell is to enter a reduced power mode.

Abstract: A method for allocating downlink transmission power of coordinated transmission devices in coordinated multi-point transmission system includes the coordinated transmission devices receiving feedback of channel state information of sub-channels occupied by a terminal from the terminal. The channel state information includes channel phase information and channel amplitude information. Each of the coordinated transmission devices adjusts phases of their sending signals over its sub-channels respectively so as to make phase difference of the sending signals, which are received by the terminal from the coordinated transmission devices via a same sub-channel, to be minimal. Each of the coordinated transmission devices determines its power allocation proportions for the sub-channels on the basis of feedback of channel amplitude information from the terminal and the adjusted phases of the sending signals.

Abstract: A method for allocating downlink transmission power of coordinated transmission devices in coordinated multi-point transmission system includes the coordinated transmission devices receiving feedback of channel state information of sub-channels occupied by a terminal from the terminal. The channel state information includes channel phase information and channel amplitude information. Each of the coordinated transmission devices adjusts phases of their sending signals over its sub-channels respectively so as to make phase difference of the sending signals, which are received by the terminal from the coordinated transmission devices via a same sub-channel, to be minimal. Each of the coordinated transmission devices determines its power allocation proportions for the sub-channels on the basis of feedback of channel amplitude information from the terminal and the adjusted phases of the sending signals.

Abstract: A method comprises receiving from a plurality of user equipment signal information for at least one cell, and using said information to determine if a candidate cell is to enter a reduced power mode.

Abstract: A communication system that comprises a base station and a substation connected to the base station. The base station maintains a set of identifiers, each identifier of the set being at least temporarily allocatable to a user equipment for identifying the user equipment when it resides in a cell of the base station. From the set of identifiers of the base station at least one subset of identifiers is extracted, and assigned to the substation. The substation may then respond to a connection establishment request of user equipment by providing it with an identifier from the subset of identifiers assigned to it. The substation also transmits to the base station information on the connection establishment request and on the identifier provided to the user equipment.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method and apparatus for initiating a telecommunications uplink from a mobile terminal to a telecommunications network. A preamble signal is transmitted from the mobile terminal to the network in accordance with a transmission parameter of the mobile terminal. The parameter is changed and the preamble retransmitted until successful receipt in the network is confirmed. Changing the transmission parameter alters the signal diversity of one or more preambles as received by the base station.

Abstract: It is provided a solution for assigning to a relay node of a wireless telecommunication system an identifier from which a corresponding identifier of a central node associated with the relay node is derivable according to a determined rule. Accordingly, the identifiers of central nodes and their relay nodes are assigned in a manner which facilitates identification of a central node from a received relay node identifier, thereby avoiding the necessity of consulting higher layer controllers in order to identify the central node.

Abstract: The invention is related to an apparatus including means for making a decision to change connection from one relay node to another; and means for sending a message via a source relay node to a user device, the message including radio access information on a target cell and information on a connection change, and for sending a message to the source relay node for releasing user device resources in the source relay node.

Abstract: Influencing the transmission of signals from a transmitting device to a receiving device in a communication system comprising at least one transmitting device and at least one receiving device is disclosed. In a receiving station received transmission signals are processed and a feedback signal to be transmitted to a transmitting device is generated on the basis of the processed signals. Then, transmit weights to be applied to transmission signals are determined in accordance with the feedback signal.

Abstract: A solution to overcome synchronization problems related to a scenario where multiple radio access networks utilize a shared frequency band in a radio communication environment is provided. The radio access networks are synchronized to a common synchronization source which may be a synchronization signal broadcasted by another radio system. The synchronization source is selected from a predetermined set of synchronization signals according to the availability of the synchronization signals for transmitters of the radio access networks.

Abstract: Influencing the transmission of signals from a transmitting device to a receiving device in a communication system comprising at least one transmitting device and at least one receiving device is disclosed. In a receiving station received transmission signals are processed and a feedback signal to be transmitted to a transmitting device is generated on the basis of the processed signals. Then, transmit weights to be applied to transmission signals are determined in accordance with the feedback signal.

Abstract: The invention is related to a network element, comprising: means for receiving feedback information from the user device; means for creating a first orthogonality measure by using the feedback information; means for creating a second orthogonality measure by comparing transmission resources; means for transmitting information to at least one user device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a WCDMA radio system implementing the method wherein a connection between terminal devices and a base transceiver station is ensured by changing the transmission mode of a signal from a beamforming mode to a single antenna mode in a situation wherein calibration of an antenna array of the base transceiver station resides below a threshold value describing the quality of the calibration. The method comprises determining, at the base transceiver station, a calibration quality indicator describing the quality of calibration of the antenna array; checking whether the determined calibration quality indicator resides below a calibration quality threshold value, the calibration quality threshold value being a predetermined value; and switching over to using an antenna element specific transmission when the calibration quality indicator resides below the calibration quality threshold value.

Abstract: A communication system that comprises a base station and a substation connected to the base station. The base station maintains a set of identifiers, each identifier of the set being at least temporarily allocatable to a user equipment for identifying the user equipment when it resides in a cell of the base station. From the set of identifiers of the base station at least one subset of identifiers is extracted, and assigned to the substation. The substation may then respond to a connection establishment request of user equipment by providing it with an identifier from the subset of identifiers assigned to it. The substation also transmits to the base station information on the connection establishment request and on the identifier provided to the user equipment.

Abstract: There is provided a radio system, having a receiver for receiving cell measurement data with respect to an own cell and adjacent cells of each user terminal of a plurality of cells of the radio system; a calculation unit for comparing resulting interference values of different user terminal combinations within the same frequency-time resource group of the radio system on the basis of the cell measurement data, the frequency-time resource group including user terminals of more than one cell; and a processing unit for controlling resource allocation in at least part of the frequency-time resource groups on the basis of the comparison.